光照节律对肉兔生长性能、血清生化指标、肉品质和动物福利的影响

Effect of Lighting Rhythm on Growth Performance,Serum Biochemical Indexes,Meat Quality and Welfare of Rabbits

旨在研究光照节律对肉兔生长性能、肉品质、血清生化指标和行为的影响。选取135只35日龄断奶伊拉公兔,随机分为3个处理,每个处理15个重复,每个重复3只肉兔,设置12 h光暗循环(12L∶12D)、24 h光照(24L)和24 h黑暗(24D)的3种光照节律,光照强度为100 lx,预试期为7 d,试验期为35 d。结果表明,与12L∶12D组相比,24D组肉兔21~35 d的平均日采食量(ADFI)、饲料转化率(FCR)、半净膛率、背最长肌pH和熟肉率显著提高(P<0.05),血糖浓度显著降低(P<0.05),其中FCR和半净膛率在各个处理组中最高(P<0.01)。24L组的皮指数显著低于12L∶12D和24D组(P<0.01),而白蛋白(ALB)和肌肉失水率显著高于于12L∶12D和24D组(P<0.01)。各个处理组间肌肉肉色以及肌肉常规营养指标没有显著差异(P>0.05)。24D组的肉兔坐的行为持续时间最少(P<0.01),啃咬行为频率较低(P<0.05),运动、直立、站立行为频率最高(P<0.05)。结果显示,长时间黑暗环境可以提高肉兔的生长性能,降低血糖浓度。同时,肉兔在长期的黑暗中表现出更多的社会性、较少的恐惧和焦虑,显示出良好的动物福利。

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of lighting rhythm on the growth performance,blood metabolites,meat quality and behavior of rabbits.One hundred and thirty five 35-day-old weaned male Hyla rabbits were randomly divided into 3 treatments with 15 replicates and 3 rabbits in each under the lighting photoperiods of 12 h light∶12 h darkness(12L∶12D),24 h light(24L),and 24 h darkness(24D),respectively.The light intensity was 100 lx.The experimental period lasted for 35 days after 7 days of pre-trail.The results showed that compared with 12L∶12D group,the average daily feed intake(ADFI),feed conversion rate(FCR)at 21-35 d,carcass yield,pH and cooked meat rate of longissimus lumborum in 24D group increased significantly(P<0.05),and the blood glucose concentration decreased significantly(P<0.05).The FCR and carcass yield of 24D group were the highest in all treatment groups(P<0.01).The leather index of 24L group was significantly lower than that of 12L∶12D and 24D groups(P<0.01),while the albumin(ALB)and meat water loss rate were significantly higher than that of 12L∶12D and 24D groups(P<0.01).There was no significant difference in meat color or conventional nutritive indexs among treatment groups(P>0.05).The duration of sitting behavior of the 24D group was the least(P<0.01),the frequency of gnawing behavior was lower than other groups(P<0.05),and the frequency of hyperactivity,rearing and standing behavior were the highest in all groups(P<0.05).The results showed that long-term dark environment could improve the growth performance and reduce the blood glucose concentration of rabbits.At the same time,rabbits showed more sociality,less fear and anxiety in the long-term darkness,having good welfare.