论《民法典》与《个人信息保护法》的关系

On Relationship Between Civil Code and Personal Information Protection Law

《民法典》与《个人信息保护法》是我国个人信息保护法律体系中最重要最基本的法律,它们均以保护个人信息权益,协调个人信息的保护与利用为目的。由于《民法典》与《个人信息保护法》存在调整范围与调整方法上的差异,故此,不能简单地将它们的关系界定为一般法与特别法的关系或者并存的基本法,而应当进行类型化分析。具体而言,《民法典》与《个人信息保护法》的关系可以分为四种类型:其一,《个人信息保护法》的规定对《民法典》相关规定进行了充实与丰富发展;其二,《个人信息保护法》通过转介条款或相关规定指向了《民法典》的相关规定;其三,《个人信息保护法》的规定相对于《民法典》的规定是特别规定而应当优先适用;其四,《个人信息保护法》与《民法典》有不同的规范目的而分别适用于不同的情形。

China Civil Code and China Personal Information Protection Law are the most important and basic laws in Chinese personal information protection legal system. Both of them aim to protect the rights and interests of personal information and give consideration to the protection and utilization of personal information. Due to the differences in the scope and methods of adjustment, the relationship between China Civil Code and China Personal Information Protection Law cannot be simply defined as the relationship between the general law and the special law or the coexisting basic law, but should be analyzed according to the different purposes and functions of the norms. Specifically, The applicable relationship between China Civil Code and China Personal Information Protection Law can be divided into four forms: Firstly, the provisions of China Personal Information Protection Law enrich and develop the relevant provisions of China Civil Code;Secondly, the provisions of China Personal Information Protection Law are transferred to the relevant provisions of China Civil Code;Thirdly, the China Personal Information Protection Law L and China Civil Code apply to different situations because they have different normative purposes;Fourth, the provisions of China Personal Information Protection Law are special provisions relative to China Civil Code and should be applied preferentially.