论“双碳”背景下中国碳排放管理的法治化路径

On the Legalization Path of China’s Carbon Emission Management under the Background of “Dual-Carbon”

生态兴则文明兴,生态衰则文明衰。中国力争于2030年实现碳达峰、2060年实现碳中和,既是应对全球气候变化、推动构建全球环境治理体系的重大战略决策,也是推进生态文明建设、构建人类命运共同体的关键举措。法治是碳达峰、碳中和目标实现的根本保障,碳排放管理法治化需要宏观层面上的法律框架、管理体制、绿色发展规划的引领,还需要微观层面上相关法律制度的补强。当前,我国碳排放管理在实践中存在法律框架缺位、管理体制分散、绿色发展规划滞后、具体制度补强不足等问题。通过对我国碳排放管理相关政策法律遵循及倾向性评价,结合欧盟、美国碳排放管理法治理论与实践,应从法律框架支撑-管理体制保障-发展规划指引-具体制度补强-借鉴域外立法经验五个方面设计我国碳排放管理法治化的关键路径,为实现碳达峰、碳中和提供根本保障。

The rise or fall of civilization is closely tied to its relationship with nature. China’s trying to achieve carbon peaking by 2030 and carbon neutralization by 2060 is an important strategic decision to address global climate change and build a global environmental governance system. It is also a key measure to advance ecological conservation progress and build a community with a shared future for mankind. The rule of law is the fundamental guarantee to achieve the goal of carbon peaking and carbon neutralization, and the legalization of carbon emission management requires the guidance of legal framework, management system and green development plan at the macro level, and the reinforcement of relevant legal system at the micro level. At present, there are major problems in China’s carbon emission management in practice, such as absence of legal framework, decentralized management system, backward green development planning and insufficient reinforcement of specific systems. By evaluating the legal compliance and orientation of China’s carbon emission management policies and laws, combining the legal theory and practice of the EU and the US, the critical rule of law path of China’s carbon emission management can be designed from five aspects: legal framework supporting—management system guaranteeing—development planning guiding—concrete system reinforcing—drawing on overseas legislative experience. By doing like this, the article can provide fundamental legal guarantee for China to achieve the goal of carbon peaking and carbon neutralization.