缓释尿素减量侧深施用对长江中下游水稻产量和品质的影响

Effect of Side Deep and Reduced Application of Slow-Release Urea on Yield and Quality of Rice in Middle and Lower Reaches of the Yangtze River

以优质食味粳稻南粳9108(迟熟)和南粳5718(中熟)为材料,以常规施氮300 kg/hm^(2)、基蘖氮肥与穗氮肥比7∶3处理为对照,分别设计侧深基施缓释尿素量(施氮量)较对照基蘖氮肥量减少0(A)、10%(B)、15%(C)、20%(D)、25%(E)、30%(F)6个处理,不施分蘖肥,穗肥施氮量同对照,研究缓释尿素减量侧深施用对长江中下游水稻产量和品质的影响,为缓释肥侧深施技术在农业中更好的推广应用提供依据。结果表明,在施氮量相同的情况下,采用缓释尿素侧深施能够促进水稻生长,显著提高水稻产量,2个水稻品种产量分别较对照提高了11.63%和10.61%,改善稻米的加工品质,但降低稻米的食味值。在5个减氮处理中,随着施氮量的减少,2个水稻品种生长变慢,产量及其构成因素降低,加工品质和营养品质降低,外观品质和食味品质提高。与对照相比,B—D处理总体上能促进2个水稻品种生长,显著提高产量,改善加工、外观品质;B、C处理降低食味品质,提高营养品质;D处理提高食味品质,降低营养品质;E、F处理延缓2个水稻品种生长,显著降低产量,降低加工品质和营养品质,提高外观品质和食味品质。其中,D处理2个水稻品种产量分别较对照提高了3.54%和2.16%,稻米的加工品质和外观品质得到改善,且稻米的食味品质提高,是一种优质稳产的施肥方式。

The high-quality and delicious japonica rice Nanjing 9108(late maturing variety)and Nanjing5718(medium maturing variety)were used as materials,and the conventional nitrogen application was used as control with nitrogen rate of 300 kg/ha,and the ratio of base and tiller fertilizer to panicle fertilizer of 7∶3.The side deep basal application amounts of slow-release urea were 0(A),10%(B),15%(C),20%(D),25%(E)and 30%(F)lower than base and tillering nitrogen rate of control,tiller fertilizer was not applied,and panicle fertilizer rate was the same to control.The effect of side deep and reduced application of slow-release urea on rice yield and quality in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River was studied,so as to provide a basis for the better popularization and application of side deep application technology of slow-release fertilizer in agriculture.The results showed that under the same nitrogen application rate,the side deep application of slow-release urea could promote rice growth and significantly improve rice yield,improve rice processing quality,but reduce rice taste value.The yields of two rice varieties increased by 11.63%and 10.61%respectively compared with control.For the five nitrogen reduction treatments,with the decrease of nitrogen application rate,the growth of two rice varieties slowed down,the yield and its components decreased,the processing quality and nutritional quality decreased,and the appearance quality and eating quality improved.Compared with the control,B,C and D treatments promoted the growth of two rice varieties,significantly increased the yield,improved the processing and appearance quality;B and C treatments reduced the eating quality,and improved the nutritional quality;D treatment improved the eating quality,and reduced the nutritional quality;E and F treatments delayed the growth of two rice varieties,significantly decreased the yield,reduced the processing quality and nutritional quality,and improved the appearance quality and taste quality.Compared with control,the yields of two rice varieties of D treatment increased by 3.54%and 2.16%respectively,and the processing,appearance and eating quality improved.D treatment is a fertilization method with high quality and stable yield.