湿法炼锌体系除氟技术的研究现状

Research Status of Fluorine Removal Technology in Hydrometallurgical Zinc Smelting System

随着二次锌资源的利用,湿法炼锌系统中氟的去除越发受到重视。分析了湿法炼锌系统中氟的来源及危害,主要论述了针铁矿法、沉淀法、萃取法、离子交换法及吸附法等5种除氟工艺,特别指出吸附法除氟率高、成本低、不产生二次污染或二次污染小的特点,在湿法炼锌系统应用前景广阔;结合活性氧化铝、铝基复合材料、金属基吸附剂、天然矿物、活性炭等吸附剂的研究现状及吸附机理,提出了湿法炼锌体系中所用除氟吸附剂的要求:较高的吸附容量、氟的强选择性、耐酸性、锌的低损失率。研究结果为后续湿法炼锌除氟吸附剂的开发提供了理论指导和研究思路。

With the utilization of secondary zinc resources,more and more attention has been paid to the removal of fluorine in zinc hydrometallurgy system.The sources and hazards of fluoride in zinc hydrometallurgy system were analyzed,and five kinds of fluoride removal processes,such as goethite method,precipitation method,extraction method,ion exchange method and adsorption method were mainly discussed.It was pointed out that adsorption method has the characteristics of high fluoride removal rate,low cost,no secondary pollution or small secondary pollution,and has a broad application prospect in zinc hydrometallurgy system.Combined with the research status and adsorption mechanism of activated alumina,aluminum matrix composites,metal base adsorbents,natural minerals,activated carbon and other adsorbents,the requirements of fluorine removal adsorbents used in zinc hydrometallurgy system are put forward:high adsorption capacity,strong selectivity of fluorine,acid resistance and low loss rate of zinc.The results provide theoretical guidance and research ideas for the development of adsorbents for fluoride removal in zinc hydrometallurgy.