中国农业补贴政策效果及优化

China's Agricultural Subsidy Policy: Its Effect and Optimization

我国取消农业税后,初步形成了以种粮直补、农资综合直补为主的综合收入型补贴,以良种补贴、农机具购置补贴为主的专项生产型补贴,以及以粮食最低收购价政策为主的价格保护补贴等多种补贴形式。宏观数据检验结果显示,农业补贴对农业总产值和农民人均收入有显著正向影响。微观数据检验结果也表明,农业补贴促进了农户农业产值的增加。宏微观数据检验结果充分表明,农业补贴促进了农业发展。但农业补贴依然存在实施成本较高、信息不对称、补贴方式不合理、补贴监管体系不健全等问题。建议国家应从各地农业发展实际出发,有针对性地调整补贴方式及标准,健全农业补贴机制,完善补贴发放监管体系,建立健全大灾风险分散机制,激活农业内生发展动力。

After abolishing the agricultural tax,China has initially formed various forms of subsidies,such as comprehensive income subsidies based on direct subsidies for growing grain and comprehensive direct subsidies for agricultural materials,special production subsidies based on improved varieties and subsidies for the purchase of agricultural machinery and tools,and price protection subsidies based on the minimum purchase price policy of grain.The macro-data test results show that agricultural subsidies have a significant positive impact on the total agricultural output value and farmers'per capita income,while the micro-data test results also indicate that agricultural subsidies promote the increase of farmers'agricultural output value.The test results of macro-and micro-data fully reveal that agricultural subsidies promote agricultural development.However,there are still some problems in agricultural subsidies,such as high implementation cost,asymmetric information,unreasonable subsidy methods,imperfect subsidy supervision system and so on.It is suggested that our country should start from the reality of local agricultural development,adjust the subsidy methods and standards,improve the agricultural subsidy mechanism,improve the subsidy distribution supervision system,establish and improve the disaster risk dispersion mechanism,and activate the motive force of agriculture.