北京市老旧汽车淘汰经验启示及未来政策发展方向

Experience, implications and future policy development directions for the elimination of aging vehicles in Beijing, China

梳理2011年以来北京市老旧汽车淘汰相关政策和控制措施,采用排放因子法核算机动车污染减排量和环境效益,分析了政策作用效果。结合当前北京市机动车污染排放状况,以及空气质量改善和碳减排需要,提出未来老旧汽车淘汰政策发展方向。结果表明:通过实施北京市老旧汽车淘汰政策,加速了北京市机动车车辆结构调整和优化,在机动车数量持续增加的情况下实现了其大气污染物排放量的减少,取得良好的环境效益。老旧汽车淘汰和补贴政策能够根据机动车结构和排放变化情况,设置差异化和细分的补贴力度,不断提高政策的导向性和精准度。面向未来政策方向,应进一步加强基于不同车型排放差异的更新方案的制定,面向重点用车单位,结合北京市重点碳排放单位管理,推进车辆结构调整和新能源化发展,从而实现机动车二氧化碳和大气污染物协同控制的目标。

By sorting out the relevant policies and control measures for the elimination of old vehicles in Beijing since 2011,the emission factor method was used to calculate the emission reduction and environmental benefits of motor vehicle pollution,the role of the policies was analyzed.Combined with the current emission situation of motor vehicle pollution in Beijing,as well as the needs of air quality improvement and carbon emission reduction,the development directions of the policies for the elimination of old vehicles in the future were put forward.The results showed that the implementation of the elimination policies of aging vehicles in Beijing had accelerated the adjustment and optimization of Beijing's motor vehicle structure,the reduction of air pollutant emissions was achieved even with the continuous increasing number of motor vehicles,and good environmental benefits had been achieved.Based on the variation of motor vehicles structure and emissions,the elimination and subsidy policies of aging vehicles could set differentiated and subdivided subsidies to continuously improve the directions and accuracy of the policies.For the future policy directions,it was necessary to further strengthen the formulation of renewal plans based on the emission differences of different vehicle models.For the key vehicle units,it was useful to promote the adjustment of motor vehicle structure and the development of new energy in combination with the management of key carbon emission units in Beijing.On the basis of these policies,the coordinated control of carbon dioxide and air pollutants emitted from vehicles would be achieved.