从“孔颜乐处”看儒家解决圆善的独特思路及伦理性质

Confucianism’s Unique Thinking and Ethical Character for Solving the Highest Good from“The Happiness of Confucius and Yan Hui”

牟宗三《圆善论》问世,引发了学界对圆善问题的关注。儒家的“孔颜乐处”与这一问题相关。“孔颜乐处”这一幸福并不是像康德那样通过设定上帝存在而达到,而是孔子、颜回在具体的道德实践中获得的。孔颜二人通过道德实践不仅获得了德行而且也改变了他们对待外物的态度,使他们就“饭疏食饮水”“箪食、瓢饮、陋巷”而乐,德与福兼备。“孔颜乐处”为圆善问题的解决提供了新的路径,彰显了儒家务实而圆熟、注重实践、追求理想人生境界的伦理性质。

The publication of Mou Zongsan’s“The Highest Good”has aroused the attention of the academic circles on the issue of the highest good.The theory of“The happiness of Confucius and Yan Hui”is related to this question.The happiness in“The happiness of Confucius and Yan Hui”is not obtained by setting the existence of God like Kant.It is obtained in the specific moral practices.Confucius and Yan Hui not only acquired the virtue but also changed their attitudes towards material living conditions and that made them obtain the material happiness.“The happiness of Confucius and Yan Hui”provided a new path for the solution of the highest good problems and demonstrated the unique ethical nature of Confucianism.