“超少子化”现象的政策思考--兼论日本与韩国的经验与教训

Policy Implications of the"Super Low Birth Rate":Experiences and Lessons Learned from Japan and South Korea

本文以较早进入少子化社会的日本与韩国为例,对其少子化政策的推行过程以及政策效果等进行分析,力图为我国制定相关政策提供政策借鉴素材。本文立足于以下三个研究视角展开论述:第一,东亚“超少子化”现象中凸显的同质性和异质性。第二,对日本少子化社会政策建构过程予以分析,考察它的社会政策转型和介入方式。第三,“少子化”社会政策不能局限于以提高总生育率指数为目标,应该把它放在社会结构、社会文化变革的大视野中。本文提供两个基本观点供商榷:第一,东亚地区出现的“超少子化”现象是后发国家“压缩型”工业化发展模式引发的高强度竞争环境的副产品。第二,“超少子化”现象是快速经济发展与传统婚姻、家庭文化变化不同步矛盾的结果。

Taking Japan and South Korea,which have become low birth rate countries,as examples,this paper analyzes the implementation process and policy effects of their low birth rate policies,and tries to provide policy implications for China to formulate relevant policies.To this end,this paper first discusses the homogeneity and heterogeneity highlighted in the phenomenon of"super low birth rate"in East Asia.Second,it analyzes the construction process of Japan's low birth rate social policy,and examines its social policy transformation and intervention methods.Third,the social policy responding to"low birth rate"cannot be only oriented towards attaining the goal of increasing the total fertility rate,but should be placed in the broad vision of adapting to social structural and socio-cultural changes.This paper explores two perspectives around this issue for discussion:first,the phenomenon of"super low birth rate"in East Asia is a by-product of the high-intensively competitive environment is attributable to the model of compressed industrialization of latedeveloping countries;second,the phenomenon of"super low birth rate"is the result of a dyssynergy between rapid economic development and cultural changes of traditional marriage and family.