美国加州儿童家庭寄养政策改革及启示

Reform and Implications of the Foster Care Policy for Children from California,US

家庭寄养政策是儿童福利政策的重要组成部分。美国加州的家庭寄养政策改革建立在其儿童福利发展的停滞和不平等基础之上,是顺应地区儿童福利发展现状、弥补家庭寄养政策缺陷和满足儿童福利需求的新举措。改革强调儿童福利的需求导向,以促进儿童回归家庭和实现永久性为目标,设立多种类型的资源家庭满足儿童的家庭内需求,同时结合家庭外的机构和社区服务,形成了一套针对儿童乃至青年的家庭寄养系统。改革丰富了家庭寄养的政策内容,扩充了家庭寄养的政策对象,深化了家庭寄养的政策目标,促进了美国家庭寄养政策的理念转型,也给中国儿童福利的体系构建和家庭寄养的政策理念、服务提供等方面带来了启示。

The foster care policy is an important part of child welfare policies.The reform of the foster care policy in California,the US,is resulted from the stagnating development and inequality of the state’s child welfare.It is a new measure to comply with the current situation of the regional child welfare,make up for the defects of the foster care policy and meet the needs of child welfare.The reform emphasizes the demand orientation of the child welfare,with the goal of promoting children’s return to the family permanently.It prompts the formation of a new foster care system,aimed at children and the youth,by setting up families of multiple types of resources,with a joint assistance from community services and institutions outside the families.With the ideas of the American foster care policy transformed,the reform has been enriched the policy content with more detailed objectives,wider range of adopters and adoptees.The reform is an inspiring example for the construction of China’s child welfare system,as well as for the policies,ideas and service provisions of the foster care.