论马克思社会观的内在逻辑与理论特质——兼对萨特的社会观进行批判

On the Internal Logic and Theoretical Characteristics of Marx’s Social View——A Critique of Sartre’s Social View

以“社会关系”概念作为支撑且在唯物史观中起决定性作用的马克思或者“马克思主义”社会观遭到萨特的“指责”。萨特要用“人类关系”概念来对马克思的“社会关系”概念进行所谓颠覆性“改造”并在此基础上以其自身的社会观代替马克思社会观。通过对萨特最为集中地“指责”马克思或者“马克思主义”的三个方面,即作为核心概念的“人类关系”与“社会关系”、作为基本研究方法的“渐进—逆退”与“辩证唯物主义”和对人在“偶然性方面”存在状况的考察与研究进行比较分析发现,以“社会关系”概念为基石确立起来的马克思或者“马克思主义”社会观是科学的,即使在今天也依然闪耀着真理的光芒。这就意味着萨特对马克思的“指责”及其所谓的颠覆性改造方案纯属多余。

Marx’s social view or Marxist social view supported by the concept of social relationships and playing a decisive role in the historical materialism,was criticized by Sartre,who attempted to use his concept of human relationships to transform Marx’s concept of social relationships fundamentally in order to replace Marx’s social view with his own.Through a comparative analysis of the three aspects on which Sartre intensely criticized Marx or Marxism,namely,the“human relationships”and“social relationships”as core concepts,the“gradual-regressive”and the“dialectical materialism”as basic research methods,and investigation and research on the state of human existence in terms of contingency and so on,the following conclusion can be drawn Marx’s social view is scientific,still shining with the light of truth today.It means that Sartre’s criticism and his idea of a radical transformation are unnecessary.