个人的熔炼与历史的肉身——牛汉的诗学观念、实践及意义

The Smelting of the Individual and the Flesh of History——Niu Han’s Poetic Concept,Practice and Significance

牛汉一生坚持现实主义与抒情手法并重、将个人体验与时代历史高度结合的诗学观念。从20世纪40年代到70年代之后,他在诗学观念与写作实践中,初心未变,但有加深与推进,体现出一种对于“人·诗·历史”关系的特殊认识,并落实为一种通过生命搏击式的写作来实现对历史的深沉领悟的特殊方式。他后期的“情境诗”及其中的生命意象充分体现了他带着主观情感“突入”世界与现实的写作方式,以个人经验赋予历史以血肉,在一定程度上实现了自我与历史相融合的诗学理想。

Niu Han insisted on the poetic concept of attaching equal importance to realism and lyric technique,and highly combining personal experience with the history of the times.From the 1940s to the 1970s,his original intention in poetics and writing practice did not change,but was deepened and advanced,reflecting a special understanding of the relationship between“man,poetry and history”.He practiced his poetic concept as a special way to realize deep comprehension of history through a fighting-for-life writing.His later“situational poems”and the life images in them fully embody his writing style of“breaking into”the world and reality with subjective emotion.These poems endow history with flesh and blood by personal experience,and to a certain extent realize the poetic ideal of integrating the individual and history.