从古藏文文献看“■■”的概念转化

A primary note on the connotation changes of yige reflected in the earlier documents

公元13世纪,班智达·贡嘎坚赞将藏文化归类为十明文化。十明因学科之别,对“■■”二字的解读亦不同。随着藏文化的进一步丰富和发展,“■■”成为高频词。文章以文献断代的研究方法,将公元11世纪作为分界线,探讨了“■■”的词源、意义、基本内涵和使用方法。认为,“■■”最早出现于敦煌吐蕃文献,泛指官衔、律法、文字等,是用文字符号记载的诸多文化现象,是广义的概念。这与当时的社会历史发展尤其是从印度、乌仗那、克什米亚、新疆、大食等外地文化的不断传入和三次语言文字厘定有直接关联,到了后期“■■”特指文法中的文字,其概念经历了从广义到狭义的演变过程。

Classifying the documents and linguistics theory into various phases,analyzing the occurrence and changes of connotation happened to the concept,yige,it is found that yige bears various meanings in the different phases in the history.It is misleading to define yige found in the old documents in the Tsenpo time and that of in the later documents and linguistic theory in the modem linguistic senses.As the documents translated from India,Afghanistan,and Iran into Tibetan,meanings of many Tibetan vernacular terms have been standardized.As a result of these standardisation,the connotation of yige also received various definitions.