新型冠状病毒疫苗接种对ELISA检测HIV抗体的影响

Effect of SARS-CoV-2 vaccination on anti-HIV detected by ELISA

目的 探讨新型冠状病毒(SARS-CoV-2)疫苗接种对酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)检测人类免疫缺陷病毒(HIV)抗体的影响,为准确检测HIV抗体提供参考。方法 对2021年3月16日至2021年4月9日该血站HIV抗体检测A1单试剂反应性标本15份和非反应性标本30份(45例献血者均无免疫系统疾病史,SARS-CoV-2疫苗接种满28 d)进行HIV、SARS-CoV-2总抗体检测,并做相关性分析;同时对本站2017年1月至2020年12月的献血者HIV检测结果进行回顾性分析。结果 HIV抗体反应性组SARS-CoV-2总抗体反应性比例[86.67%(13/15)]明显高于非反应性组[30.00%(9/30)],差异有统计学意义(P<0.01),SARS-CoV-2总抗体反应性结果与A1试剂HIV抗体反应性(假阳性)结果之间存在相关性(r=0.515,P<0.01)。结论 SARS-CoV-2疫苗接种产生的抗体可影响部分ELISA试剂对HIV抗体的检测,造成假阳性结果,应予以重视。

Objective To analyze and evaluate the effect of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2) vaccination on anti-HIV detected by ELISA,so as to provide reference for the accurate detection of anti-HIV.Methods From March 16,2021 to April 9,2021,15 reactive A1 single reagent samples and 30 non-reactive A1 single reagent samples(all 45 blood donors had no history of immune system diseases,and SARS-CoV-2 vaccine had been vaccinated for 28 days) were tested for HIV and SARS-CoV-2 total antibody by ELISA,and correlation analysis was performed.Meanwhile,the HIV test results of blood donors from January 2017 to December 2020 were retrospectively analyzed.Results The reactive rates of SARS-CoV-2 antibody in anti-HIV reactive group was 86.67%(13/15),which was significantly higher than 30.00%(9/30) in non-reactive group(P<0.01).There was a correlation between the reactive results of SARS-CoV-2 antibody and the reactive(false-positive) results of anti-HIV in A1 reagent(r=0.515,P<0.01).Conclusion The antibody produced by SARS-CoV-2 vaccination could affect the detection of anti-HIV by some ELISA reagent,resulting in false-positive results,which should be paid attention to.