基于洞穴之喻理论模型的重大负面学术事件演化研究

The Allegory of the Cave:An Exploratory Study of the Major Negative Academic Event Evolution

[目的/意义]由学术不端行为发酵、演变而来的重大负面学术事件(Major Negative Academic Events,Ma-NAE)给学术共同体、学科发展甚至国家学术声誉带来难以估量的损失。现有研究缺乏对MaNAE产生、扩张及消退的演化过程与参与主体行为机制的深入探讨。[方法/过程]针对MaNAE的多主体、多要素及复杂、动态演进的特征,文章借鉴《理想国》的洞穴之喻,探索性地构建了洞穴之喻(the Allegory of the Cave,AoC)理论模型,辅以描述性时间序列分析方法、分类统计分析方法、全文引文情感分析方法以及内容分析法,展开对MaNAE的量化研究。以安维萨心脏干细胞造假事件为例展开单案例纵向时序研究,基于事件核心人物产出分析学术洞穴演化过程,基于政府基金支持的变化分析反馈效应,基于学术共同体情感分化探讨洞穴演化机制。[结果/结论]结果表明,AoC理论模型较好地阐释了研究问题,为负面学术事件的演化研究提供了新的阐释框架,具有一定的理论与实践意义。

[Purpose/significance]The major negative academic events(MaNAE)which are usually evolved from academic misconduct caused by authoritative scholars,have brought immeasurable losses to the academic community,the development of disciplines and even the national academic reputation.Existing research lacks in-depth discussion on the process of MaNAE’s gener-ation,expansion,and disappearance and the behavioral mechanism of participants.[Method/process]Because of the characteris-tics of MaNAE’s multi-subject,multi-element,complexly and dynamically evolution process,we construct a theory named the Al-legory of the cave(AoC),which is coming from the Plato’s Utopia.With the AoC theoretical model,descriptive time series anal-ysis methods,classified statistical analysis methods,full text citation sentiment analysis methods,and content analysis methods are used.Taking the Anversa cardiac stem cell fraud event as an example,a single-case time series study was carried out.The evo-lution process of the academic cave was analyzed based on the papers of Anversa.The feedback effect was analyzed based on the gov-ernment funds.And the evolution mechanism was explored based on the emotional differentiation of the academic community.[Re-sult/conclusion]The results show that the AoC theoretical model explains the research problem well,provides a new theoretical and interpretive framework for the evolution of negative academic events,and has important theoretical and practical significance.