对外承包工程促进了装备制造业出口吗?

Does Overseas Project Contracting Promote Mechanical Equipment Export?

中国对外承包工程的迅速发展既是中国工程建设能力的一张名片,也是帮助中国装备制造业打破欧美垄断,开拓国际市场的重要推动力。本文以2009年中石化国际石油工程公司承包中国在科威特的首个石油钻井项目为例展开分析。在当时科威特要求统一配备欧美装备的背景下,该公司极力推动科威特厂商试用中方设备,并通过积极推介和标准协调,帮助中方企业进入科威特市场,2009年之后中国制造的钻井装备及配套产品在科威特的市场份额激增。本文进一步利用2005~2019年中国对外承包工程及装备制造业出口数据,验证了中国企业对外承包工程对国产工程装备及配套产品出口的促进作用。此外,异质性分析表明该促进作用对于初期从中国装备制造业进口较少的国家更强,并且在“一带一路”倡议提出之后,该促进作用在沿线国家有所增强。最后,相对于工程类对外直接投资,对外承包工程对工程装备产品的出口促进效应更强。

The rapid development of China's overseas project contracting(OPC)is not only a business card of China's engineering construction capacity,but also an important force to help Chinese machinery and equipment firms to explore the international market by breaking the monopoly of Europe and the United States.This paper starts with a case study on Sinopec's contracting of China's first oil drilling project in Kuwait in 2009.At that time,only equipments produced by American and European firms were allowed by Kuwait contract issuers.Sinopec paid great effort to persuade the Kuwait firms to use Chinese equipment,and helped Chinese firms enter the market of Kuwait through recommendation and standard coordination.The data shows that Kuwait's import of drilling equipment and ancillary products from China increases sharply after 2009.Furtherly,employing the data of China's overseas project contracting and export,this paper confirms the positive impact of overseas project contracting on Chinese export of machinery and equipment.Besides,heterogenous effect analysis implies that the impact is larger for countries with less initial import of machinery and equipment from China,and this effect gets stronger on countries along the Belt and Road after 2013.Finally,compared with direct foreign investment,the export promotion effect of OPC is stronger.