社会科学研究中大学生超重或肥胖的因果路径:一项基于QCA技术的研究

The Causal Pathway of Overweight or Obesity among College Students in Social Science Research:A Study Based on QCATechnology

运用定性比较分析方法(qualitative comparative analysis,QCA),研究影响超重或肥胖问题发生的个人行为因素及社会因素组合。通过文献资料调研及访谈,共提炼了6方面的个人行为因素,即饮食模式、体力消耗、健身意识、性格特征、视屏时间、吸烟行为;提炼了4方面的社会因素,即饮食社交、压力状况、同伴影响、健身设施。研究认为:减肥行动与否,不取决于生理意义上的体重,而是取决于人们赋予生理体重的文化意义。个人行为因素方面,导致男大学生超重或肥胖的因果路径有4条,导致女大学生超重或肥胖的因果路径有3条。社会因素方面,导致男大学生和女大学生超重或肥胖的因果路径各有4条。导致男大学生和女大学生超重或肥胖的充分条件和必要条件不同。无任何单一因素是导致男生/女生超重或肥胖的充分必要条件;健身设施的供给状况是导致男大学生生超重或肥胖的必要条件;饮食行为模式是导致女大学生超重或肥胖的必要条件。减肥过程中,不同性别应该采取不同的策略。首先,考虑影响超重或肥胖的必要条件因素;其次,考虑影响超重或肥胖的充分性或必要性相对较大的因素。综合平衡多重并发因素的影响,以达到有效减肥的目的。

A qualitative comparative analysis method(QCA)was used to study the combination of individual behavioral factors and social factors affecting overweight or obesity.Through liter-ature review and interview,six aspects of personal behavior factors were distilled:diet pattern,physical exertion,fitness consciousness,personality characteristics,video time,smoking behav-ior.Four aspects of social factors were also distilled:diet social,stress status,peer influence,fit-ness facilities.Research suggests that weight loss doesn't depend on the weight in the physio-logical sense,but on the cultural meaning that people give physiological weight.In terms of per-sonal behavior factors,there are four causal pathways leading to overweight or obesity in male college students,and three causal pathways leading to overweight or obesity in female college students.There are four causal pathways leading to overweight or obesity in social factors.The sufficient and necessary conditions for male and female college students to be overweight or obese are different.Of all the antecedents,no single antecedent condition is sufficient or neces-sary to cause overweight or obesity in male college students.However,the supply of fitness fa-cilities is the necessary condition to cause overweight or obesity in male college students,di-etary patterns are necessary condition to cause overweight or obesity in female college students.In the process of losing weight,different genders should adopt different strategies.Firstly,con-sider the adequate and necessary conditions for intervention to affect overweight or obesity,and secondly,consider the conditions for consistency and high coverage to affect overweight or obe-sity.Multiple concurrent factors should be comprehensive balanced to achieve the purpose of ef-fective weight loss.