草果挥发油化学成分及对葡萄灰霉病菌的抑菌活性

Chemical composition and antifungal activity of Amomum tsaoko essential oil against Botrytis cinerea

[目的]真菌性病害严重影响果树生长以及水果产量、品质,化学农药的不科学使用导致农药残留超标、抗药性加剧等一系列问题,植物源杀菌剂研发是实现化学农药减量使用的重要途径。[方法]采用生长速率法测定8种植物挥发油对5种供试病原真菌的抑菌活性,通过活体评价试验验证草果挥发油对葡萄灰霉病的防治效果;利用GC-MS检测草果挥发油化学成分;测定草果精油对葡萄灰霉病菌中2种重要酶活的影响。[结果]草果挥发油得率最高,水蒸气蒸馏法的提取率为3.21%。抑菌活性结果表明:草果挥发油对葡萄灰霉病菌的抑菌活性最显著,EC_(50)值为235.30 mg/L。利用GC-MS从草果挥发油中共检出64种化合物,桉油醇含量最高,占比27.24%。此外,草果挥发油对葡萄灰霉病菌的几丁质酶和琥珀酸脱氢酶活力表现出一定的剂量和时间效应。活体试验结果表明:质量浓度为500 mg/L时,草果挥发油对葡萄灰霉病的防治效果为76.51%。[结论]草果挥发油具有开发成为植物源杀菌剂的潜力,关于其抑菌活性成分和分子机制仍需进一步研究。

[Aims]Fungal diseases cause huge losses during the growth period of fruit trees and the postharvest storage of fruit.The unreasonable application of chemical pesticides leads to series of problems including pesticide residue and resistance exacerbate.The development of botanical fungicides is an important and novel strategy to manage fruit diseases and replace chemical pesticides.[Methods]The antifungal activity of eight plant essential oils against five pathogenic fungi was assayed through hyphal growth rate method.The control effect of Amomum tsaoko oil against Botrytis cinerea was identified using in vivo test.The volatile components of A.tsaoko oil was analyzed by GC-MS.The evaluation of enzyme activity was determined following the steps of enzyme activity assay kit.[Results]Here,the essential oil yield from the fruits of A.tsaoko was the highest extracted with steam distillation method,the yield rate was 3.21%.Furthermore,A.tsaoko oil showed the most efficient antifungal activity against tested fungi.The EC_(50) value of A.tsaoko against B.cinerea was 235.30 mg/L.Moreover,64 volatile compounds were identified in A.tsaoko oil,which was rich in eucalyptol(27.24%).In addition,A.tsaoko oil showed significant dose and time effect on the activity of chitinase and succinate dehydrogenase in B.cinerea.The in vivo test results showed that the control effect of A.tsaoko oil on grape gray mold was 76.51%at concentration of 500 mg/L.[Conclusions]This study demonstrated that A.tsaoko essential oil possess potential to be developed as botanical fungicide,more studies about the molecular mechanism and active ingredients of A.tsaoko essential oil was necessary.