认罪认罚背景下被害人权益保障刍议——以检察机关刚性量刑建议权为视角

On the Protection of Victims’Rights and Interests in the Context of Pleading Guilty and Admitting Punishment——From the Perspective of Procuratorate’s Rigid Sentencing Suggestion Power

被害人诉讼主体地位是完善其权益保障体系的逻辑起点。当前认罪认罚从宽制度过分强调优化司法资源配置目标,导致被害人参与流于形式、其诉讼主体地位被边缘化,但该制度的政策功能、从宽依据为强化被害人权益保障预留了制度空间。因此应在认罪认罚从宽案件中赋予被害人一定范围的独立量刑建议权,强化其实质参与程度;并且赋予其独立量刑建议权也具有维护“控审分离原则”、符合诉权发展方向等理论正当性。在当前法律框架下,根据赔偿是否合理、被害人是否谅解、案件是否适用和解程序,赋予被害人基准刑10%-20%的量刑建议权比较恰当。此外应完善相关配套措施,如:细化控方的告知义务和程序、保障被害人获得法律帮助,以及将“检方是否考虑被害人的量刑建议份额”问题纳入法官的审查范围。

The victim’s status of litigation subject is the logical starting point of improving their rights and interests protection system.The current leniency system of pleading guilty and admitting punishment overemphasizes optimizing the goal of judicial resource allocation,leading to a mere formality of victim participation and marginalization of the status of the main body of the litigation.However,the policy function and leniency basis of this system reserve institutional space for strengthening the protection of victims’rights and interests.The victim should be given a certain range of independent sentencing suggestions to strengthen their substantial participation.Giving the victim the independent sentencing suggestion right has theoretical legitimacy such as maintaining the"principle of separation of prosecution and trial"and conforming to the development direction of litigation rights.Under the current legal framework,based on whether the compensation is reasonable,whether the victim understands,and whether the case is applicable to settlement procedures,the victim is given the right to recommend sentencing of 10%-20%of the benchmark sentence.In addition,relevant supporting measures should be improved,such as:refining the obligation and procedures of the prosecution to inform,ensuring that the victims can get legal help,and bringing the question"whether the prosecution considers the victim’s share of sentencing suggestions"into the scope of the judge’s review.