四城市中学生新冠肺炎疫苗接种意愿及相关因素分析

Willingness and related factors of COVID-19 vaccination among middle school students in four cities of China

目的了解中学生关于新冠肺炎疫苗的接种意愿以及影响因素,为加快中学生新冠肺炎疫苗接种工作的实施提供参考依据。方法采用线上调查的方法对方便抽取的北京、安徽安庆、陕西西安及广东深圳4座城市9153名初高中学生用自编问卷进行调查。采用单因素分析和多分类Logistic回归分析确定中学生新冠肺炎疫苗接种意愿的相关因素。结果中学生新冠肺炎疫苗接受率为60.05%,疫苗犹豫率为31.59%,疫苗抵抗率为8.36%。疫苗接种意愿在性别、是否住校、学段、地区、周围同学意愿影响、他人想法影响、害怕新冠病毒、新冠病毒感染风险等组间分布的差异均有统计学意义(χ^(2)=8.43~1059.43,P值均<0.05)。多分类Logistic回归分析结果显示,以“疫苗接受”组作为参考,女生、非住校、北京和安徽两地、不同意或不确定受周围同学意愿的影响、不同意或不确定受他人想法的影响、不确定是否害怕新冠病毒、不同意或不确定有新冠病毒感染危险的中学生更容易出现疫苗接种犹豫(OR值分别为1.22,1.21,1.49,1.69,1.75,2.54,1.41,2.32,3.32,1.99,2.38,P值均<0.05)。非住校、北京和陕西地区、不同意或不确定受周围同学的影响、不同意或不确定受他人想法的影响、不害怕新冠病毒、不同意或不确定有新冠病毒感染危险的中学生更容易出现疫苗抵抗(OR值分别为1.27,2.29,1.46,3.88,2.37,2.31,1.47,2.14,4.24,1.47,P值均<0.05)。结论四城市中学生新冠肺炎疫苗接种意愿较低,应针对上述影响因素采取干预措施,加快疫苗接种工作,建立免疫屏障。

Objective This study aims to investigate the willingness and influencing factors of COVID-19 vaccination among Chinese middle school students,and to provide a reference for promoting the implementation of COVID-19 vaccination among middle school students.Methods An online survey was conducted among middle school students in Beijing,Anqing of Anhui Province,Xi'an of Shaanxi Province and Shenzhen of Guangdong Province,and 9153 participants were enrolled in the present study.Single factor analysis and multinomial Logistic regression was used to determine the related factors of COVID-19 vaccination willingness.Results The prevalence of vaccine acceptance,vaccine hesitancy and vaccine refusal among middle school students were 60.05%,31.59%and 8.36%,respectively.The results of Chi-square analysis showed there were significant difference of COVID-19 vaccination willingness among sex,school residence,grade,region,vaccination willingness of surrounding classmates,vaccination willingness of others,fear of SARS-CoV-2 and risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection(χ^(2)=8.43-1059.43,P<0.05).Multinomial Logistic regression analysis presented that,compared to"vaccine acceptance"group,those girls,non-resident in school,living in Beijing or Anqing,disagree or uncertain with influenced by peers,disagree or uncertain with influenced by others,uncertain with fear of SARS-CoV-2,disagree or uncertain with having risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection were more likely to show vaccine hesitancy(OR=1.22,1.21,1.49,1.69,1.75,2.54,1.41,2.32,3.32,1.99,2.38,P<0.05).And those non-boarding in school,living in Beijing or Xi'an,disagree or uncertainty influenced by peers,disagree or uncertainty influenced by others,disagree with fear of SARSCoV-2,disagree or uncertainty in having risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection were more likely to show vaccine refusal(OR=1.27,2.29,1.46,3.88,2.37,2.31,1.47,2.14,4.24,1.47,P<0.05).Conclusion The willingness of COVID-19 vaccination among middle school students in four cities is low,and targeted interventions should be advocated to form herd immunity.