天津市中小学校传染病防控风险评估与控制

Risk assessment and control of infectious disease prevention and control in elementary and secondary schools in Tianjin

目的建立天津市中小学校传染病防控风险评估体系,通过风险评估与控制,降低传染病防控风险,为中小学校传染病防控工作提供科学的参考依据。方法基于失效模式和效应分析方法,对天津市45所中小学校进行传染病防控风险定量评估,查找风险点,优化督导方式,并对控制效果进行评价,以此实现中小学校传染病防控工作质量持续改进。结果天津市中小学校传染病防控发生率最高的3个风险点依次为未按规定配备卫生专业技术人员(82.22%)、洗手池无洗手液或消毒剂(35.56%)、未索取涉水产品卫生许可批件(28.89%)。天津市中小学校传染病防控风险评估结果表明,风险优先指数(risk priority number,RPN)最高的3个风险点依次为未按规定配备卫生专业技术人员(144)、未按规定进行晨午检(126)、晨午检内容不全面(126)。对可探测度≥7分的风险点优化督导措施后,再次进行定量风险评估,发现全部风险点优化督导措施后的RPN值均下降至125以下,说明控制效果良好。结论基于失效模式和效应分析方法,建立中小学校传染病防控风险评估体系并定期进行风险评估,可及时发现传染病防控风险,精准防控,保障中小学校师生身体健康。

Objective To establish a risk assessment system for the prevention and control of infectious diseases in primary and secondary schools in Tianjin and reduce the risk of infectious disease prevention and control through risk assessment and control.Methods Based on the failure modes and effect analysis method,a quantitative risk assessment of infectious disease prevention and control in 45 primary and secondary schools in Tianjin was carried out.Risk-based supervisory process was assessed,while control effect was evaluated for contined improvement in the prevention and control of infectious diseases in the primary and secondary schools.Results The top three risk aspects found in the infectious disease prevention and control system in primary and secondary schools in Tianjin included failure to provide sanitation professionals(82.22%)in accordance with regulations,no hand sanitizer or disinfectant(35.56%)in wash basins,and drinking water-related products without approval(28.89%).The results of the risk assessment indicated that the three risk aspects with the highest risk priority number(RPN)included failure to provide health professionals(n=144),no morning and afternoon inspection arrangement(n=126),and low quality of morning and afternoon inspections(n=126).After optimizing the supervision measures for the risk aspects with a detectable degree≥7 points,a quantitative risk assessment was carried out again,the RPN values of all risk points fell below 125,indicating reasonable control effect.Conclusion Based on the failure mode and effect analysis method,the establishment of a risk assessment system for the prevention and control of infectious diseases in primary and secondary schools and regular risk assessments can timely detect risk aspects in the infectious disease prevention and control,to promote effective prevention of infectious diseases in schools.