北京市2010—2020 年学校突发传染病事件流行病学特征

Epidemiological characteristics of public health emergencies of infectious diseases in schools of Beijing from 2010 to 2020

目的分析北京市学校突发传染病事件流行病学特征,为学校传染病防控提供策略依据。方法通过“中国疾病预防控制信息系统”子系统“突发公共卫生事件管理信息系统”,获取2010—2020年北京市报告的学校突发传染病事件信息。结果2010—2020年,北京市学校报告突发公共卫生事件数146起,其中学校突发传染病事件138起,发病人数4291例,波及或暴露人数185179人,罹患率为2.32%,年平均罹患率差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=782.46,P<0.01)。学校突发传染病事件主要为呼吸道和肠道传染病,分别为71和66起,分别占学校传染病事件总数的51.45%和47.83%。时间分布上,每年的3—6月和10—12月为传染病类突发事件的高发期。人群和病种分布上,托幼机构和小学阶段报告的传染病类突发事件最多,分别为51和46起,共占学校报告事件总数的70.29%,且以手足口病和水痘为主;水痘和其他感染性腹泻病是中学和大学阶段传染病类突发事件的首位。结论传染病事件在北京市学校突发公共卫生事件中占主导,呼吸道和肠道传染病是学校防控的关键。学校应加强症状监测,并根据不同年龄段的特点实施有针对性的防控措施,同时规范疫情处置工作,在疫情高峰期加强学校传染病的防治和预案演练。

Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of infectious diseases at schools in Beijing from 2010 to 2020,providing evidence for the prevention and control strategies in school infectious diseases.Methods Information on public health emergencies was collected from Public Health Emergency Reporting System(the subsystem of Chinese Disease Prevention and Control Information System)reported from 2010 to 2020.Results A total of 146 public health emergencies and 138 public health emergencies of infectious diseases in schools were reported in Beijing from 2010 to 2020,including 4291 cases with the rate of 2.32%and affected or exposed 185179 cases.There were significant difference in mean annual incidence rates(χ^(2)=782.46,P<0.01).There were 71 events of respiratory infectious diseases and 66 events of intestinal infectious diseases,accounting for 51.45%and 47.83%,respectively.The annual incidence peaks of public health emergencies of infectious diseases were during March-June and October-December.The events mainly occurred in kindergartens and primary schools among each stage of school periods with 51 and 46 incidences respectively,which accounted for 70.29%of the total number of public health emergencies in schools.The leading infectious diseases among all the reported events in kindergartens and primary schools were hand-foot-mouth disease and varicella.Varicella and other infectious diarrhoeal diseases were at the top lists of infectious disease outbreaks at the secondary and university stages.Conclusion Infectious diseases events were the major type of public health emergencies at schools in Beijing from 2010 to 2020.Respiratory infectious diseases and intestinal infectious diseases were the keys to the prevention and control of public health emergencies related to school.It is necessary to strengthen the surveillance for public health emergencies especially for symptom surveillance.The prevention and control measures should be taken according to the characteristics of different age groups.At the same time,the prevention and control of school infectious diseases and the drill of the plan during peak periods need to be particularly strengthened.