精准医学背景下全民健身运动处方的设计

Design of National Fitness Exercise Prescription under the Background of Precision Medicine

当今我国全民健身状况复杂多样,传统运动处方内容单一,难以满足全民健身指导的多重需要。改良运动处方以传统运动处方为基础,是对传统运动处方的补充和完善。改良处方主要包括基本信息、运动前评估、健身目标和运动处方四部分,主要变化包括删除传统运动处方“运动前评估”项中的“身高/体重/体脂”项,重整为“体质评估”;将“健康检查”更名为“医学诊断”,其中增加“心功能评定”;增加“心理诊断”和“营养评估”;原来的“体力活动水平”放至“营养评估”中的“日常体力活动水平评估”;保留“运动风险分级”和“运动测试结果”;将“主诉要求”变更为“健身目标”;“运动处方”进一步细分为心肺耐力运动、肌肉适能运动、柔韧适能运动和专项运动四部分。改良运动处方格式及内容更精准,更符合当今精准医学的要求,值得进一步研究和推广使用。

The current situation of national fitness in China is complicated and diverse,and the content of traditional exercise prescriptions is single,which can hardly meet the multiple needs of national fitness guidance.The improved exercise prescription is based on the traditional exercise prescription,which is the supplement and perfection of the traditional exercise prescription.The improved prescription mainly includes"basic information,pre exercise evaluation,fitness objectives and exercise prescription".The main changes include:deleting the"height/weight/body fat"item in the"pre exercise evaluation"item of the traditional exercise prescription and reorganizing it into"fitness evaluation";Change the name of"health examination"to"medical diagnosis",and add"cardiac function evaluation";Add"psychological diagnosis"and"nutritional assessment";Put the original"physical activity level"into"daily physical activity level assessment"in"nutrition assessment";Retain"exercise risk rating"and"exercise test results";Change"main complaint requirements"to"fitness objectives";"Exercise prescription"is further divided into four parts:cardiopulmonary endurance exercise,muscle fitness exercise,flexibility fitness exercise and special exercise.The improved exercise prescription format and content are more accurate and more in line with the requirements of today's precision medicine,which is worthy of further research and promotion.