运动情境中的决策和选择的神经机制研究

Study on Neural Mechanism of Decision-Making and Selection in Motor Situations

在运动情境中,运动决策与选择非常重要。运动技能的学习和掌握、运动成绩的稳定和提高、运动表现的发挥和优异,都与运动决策和选择息息相关。该文从神经生理机制入手,深入分析运动实践过程中,运动参与者运动决策与选择的神经生理效应。该研究发现:大脑颞叶、额叶和顶叶联合皮层在运动情境中的视觉搜寻、注意力抉择、运动策略制定和冲突解决等方面协调发展。此外,这部分脑区还联合基底神经节—丘脑—运动皮层等进行运动控制和运动指令的执行,这是运动情境中人脑的决策与选择的最独特机制。增强运动参与者的运动决策与选择训练,对大脑重塑会产生一定的影响。如何设计、开发和实施具有真实的运动决策和追踪任务的运动课程,需要相关人员的积极思考与推进。未来研究者应综合应用多种方法和技术,针对不同运动项目的特征设计研发运动训练、决策及测评系统,同时结合自我报告、认知行为学以及神经科学等方面对运动、训练和比赛效果进行评价和反馈。

In motor situations,motor decisions and selection are very important.The study and mastery of motor skills,the stabilization and improvement of athletic performance,and the play and excellence of athletic performance are closely related to sports decision-making and selection.This paper starts with the neurophysiological mechanism and deeply analyzes the neurophysiological effects of motor decision-making and selection in sports practice.The study found that the combined cortex of temporal lobe,frontal lobe and parietal lobe coordinated the development of visual search,attention selection,motor strategy formulation and conflict resolution in sports situations.In addition,this part of the brain also cooperates with the basal ganglia thalamus motor cortex for motor control and the execution of motor instructions,which is the most unique mechanism of human brain decision-making and selection in sports situation.Enhancing the exercise decision-making and selection training of exercise participants will have a certain impact on brain remodeling.How to design,develop and implement sports courses with real sports decision-making and tracking tasks requires the positive thinking and promotion of relevant personnel.Future researchers should comprehensively apply a variety of methods and technologies,design and develop sports training,decision-making and evaluation systems according to the characteristics of different sports,and evaluate and feed back the effects of sports,training and competition in combination with self-report,cognitive behavior and neuroscience.