论农民工劳动权益保障的工会效应--基于流动人口动态监测调查数据的经验验证

A Study of Trade Unions Effect on the Protection of Labor Rights and Interests of Migrant Workers --Based on the Data of an Empirical Validation of the Migrant Population Dynamic Monitoring Survey

我国正处于经济增速放缓、产业结构快速调整期,农民工权益容易遭受侵犯,工会在保障农民工权益方面发挥了怎样的作用广受社会关注。研究利用2014年原国家卫计委流动人口动态监测调查数据,运用两阶段最小二乘法(TSLS)、扩展回归模型(ERM)和多元Logit模型对农民工权益保障的工会效应进行估计。研究结果表明,工会不仅可以显著提高农民工的工资收入,降低农民工的工作时间,减少过度劳动问题,而且可以大幅度改善农民工的社会保险福利,提高农民工参加城镇职工养老保险、失业保险、城镇职工医疗保险、工伤保险、生育保险的比率。因此,要维护农民工的基本劳动权益,工会部门优先要做的是下大力气提高农民工的入会率。

Currently,China is in a period of slowing economic growth and rapid industrial restructuring,whilst the rights and interests of migrant workers are vulnerable to infringement.Hence,the role of trade unions in this regard attracts widespread social attention.The current study,based on the dynamic monitoring survey data of 2014 National Health and Family Planning Commission migrant population,estimated the trade unions effects on the protection of rights and interests of migrant workers,which was computed using two-stage least squares(TSLS),extended regression model(ERM)and multiple logit model.The results of the study show that trade unions can not only signifi cantly increase the salaries and incomes of migrant workers,reduce their working hours and problems of excessive labor,but also signifi cantly improve their social insurance benefi ts,increasing their participation in old-age insurance,unemployment insurance,urban workers'medical insurance,industrial injury insurance and maternity insurance.Therefore,in order to safeguard the basic labor rights and interests of migrant workers,trade union organizations should,fi rst and foremost,make great efforts to enlarge the membership rate of migrant workers.