张潮《幽梦影》中的自然审美形式及其审美意蕴

The Natural Aesthetic Form and Its Aesthetic Implication in Zhang Chao’s Quiet Dream Shadows

张潮的《幽梦影》记录了张潮及友人对生活、对自然万物,乃至对宇宙人生的思索和感悟,突出反映了中国文人享受大自然的审美情趣和审美追求。具体体现为用心“清听”的声音之美,推崇“惟黑与白”的颜色之美,欣赏“不可名状”的形状之美,强调“人不可以无癖”的情趣之美,追求“另是一番情境”的氛围之美。在张潮眼中,自然不是孤立存在的实体,而是与人、时空有关联的意象世界;只要充分调动感官感觉,就能够超越有限的感性形象,发现生命与自然的契合,发现自然之美,做“感觉的艺术家”。

Zhang Chao records his and his friends’ thinking and understanding of life, nature, and even the universe in Quiet Dream Shadows. These words embody the aesthetic interest and pursuit of Chinese scholars to enjoy nature. For example, listening carefully the beauty of the sound, advocating the beauty of the color of“only black and white”, appreciating the beauty of the shape of“indescribable”,emphasizing the beauty of the taste of“People must have some favorite hobbies”, and pursuing the beauty of the atmosphere of“another situation”. In Zhang Chao’s eyes, nature is not an isolated entity, but an image world related to man and time and space. As long as we fully mobilize our senses, we can surpass the limited perceptual image, find the fit between life and nature, discover the beauty of nature, and be a“sensory artist”.