“V一个NP”中“一个”的语用标记用法研究

A Study on the Pragmatic Marker Usage of“一个”in“V 一个 NP”

“V一个NP”中“一个”具有两种用法,第一种是“一个”的基本用法,数词“一”和量词“个”组合起来修饰名词性结构,表数量。第二种是“一个”的衍生用法,做语用标记,表主观情态。将表示基本用法的句子记作S_(1),表示衍生用法的句子记作S_(2)。由于“一个”使用频率高、修饰范围广,产生非范畴化,计量义逐渐消失。在人类认知活动的作用下,S_(2)中“一个”延伸出表说话人主观倾向的功能,呈现了从客观记数到表达说话人情感态度的主观化过程。

“一个”in“V一个NP”has two usages.The first is the basic usage of“一个”.The combi⁃nation of the numeral“一”and the quantifier“个”modifies the nominal structure and expresses the quantity.The second is the derivative usage of“一个”,which is used as a pragmatic mark to express subjective modality.Let the sentence representing the basic usage be S1,and the sentence representing the derivative usage as S_(2).Due to the high frequency of use of“一个”and the wide range of modifica⁃tion,decategorization occurs,and the meaning of measurement gradually disappears.Under the influence of human cognitive activities,“一个”in S_(2) extends the function of expressing the speaker’s subjective ten⁃dency,and undergoes a subjective process from objective counting to expressing the speaker’s emotional attitude.