老年人认知衰弱影响因素的Meta分析

Risk factors of cognitive frailty in the elderly:a meta-analysis

目的通过Meta分析了解老年人发生认知衰弱的危险因素,为预防老年人发生认知衰弱提供依据。方法检索Cochrane Library、PubMed、Web of Science、EMBASE、中国知网、万方、维普和中国生物医学文献数据库,搜集建库至2021年4月关于老年人认知衰弱危险因素的文献,利用RevMan5.3软件进行Meta分析。结果共纳入12篇文献,合计45478例患者。Meta分析结果显示,高龄[OR=2.96,95%CI=(2.17,4.03),P<0.001]、女性[OR=2.14,95%CI=(1.20,3.81),P=0.010]、低文化水平[OR=1.74,95%CI=(1.17,2.58),P=0.006]、营养不良[OR=6.13,95%CI=(4.29,8.76),P<0.001]、缺乏运动[OR=2.39,95%CI=(1.76,3.25),P<0.001]、跌倒史[OR=1.94,95%CI=(1.44,2.63),P<0.001]、糖尿病[OR=1.47,95%CI=(1.12,1.93),P=0.005]、多病共存[OR=2.55,95%CI=(1.69,3.85),P<0.001]、睡眠障碍[OR=1.80,95%CI=(1.25,2.59),P=0.002]为老年人发生认知衰弱的危险因素。结论高龄、女性、低文化水平、营养不良、缺乏运动、跌倒史、糖尿病、多病共存、睡眠障碍等老年人发生认知衰弱的可能性较大,护理人员应依据其采取针对性的干预措施。

Objective To identify the risk factors of cognitive frailty in the elderly by meta-analysis so as to provide references for the prevention of cognitive frailty.Methods Literatures on the risk factors for cognitive frailty in the elderly were retrieved across the databases of Cochrane Library,PubMed,Web of Science,EMBASE,CNKI,Wanfang Data,VIP and CBM from the inception to April 2021.RevMan 5.3 software was used for meta-analysis.Results Twelve papers involving a total of 45,478 patients were included.The results of meta-analysis showed that the risk factors for the cognitive frailty in the elderly were senility[OR=2.96,95%CI=(2.17,4.03),P<0.001],female[OR=2.14,95%CI=(1.20,3.81),P=0.010],poor education[OR=1.74,95%CI=(1.17,2.58),P=0.006],malnutrition[OR=6.13,95%CI=(4.29,8.76),P<0.001],lack of exercise[OR=2.39,95%CI=(1.76,3.25),P<0.001],fall history[OR=1.94,95%CI=(1.44,2.63),P<0.001],diabetes[OR=1.47,95%CI=(1.12,1.93),P=0.005],comorbidity[OR=2.55,95%CI=(1.69,3.85),P<0.001]and sleep disorders[OR=1.80,95%CI=(1.25,2.59),P=0.002].Conclusions Cognitive frailty is more likely to happen in the elderly people who are in senility,female,poor education,malnutrition,lack of exercise,fall history,diabetes,comorbidity and sleep disorder.Nurses should take targeted intervention measures to the cognitive frailty in the elderly people.