季节因素对规模化奶牛场污水处理效果的影响

Influence of Seasonal Factors on Sewage Treatment Effect of Large-scale Dairy Farm

为探究不同季节对污水处理效果的影响,该研究对河南省某奶牛场进行了采样,分别在春、夏、秋、冬4个季节采集收集池入口、收集池内、固液分离后、一级沉淀池出口、二级沉淀池出口、三级沉淀池出口、氧化塘出口等7个位点的污水样品,检测化学需氧量(COD_(Cr))、氨氮(NH_(4)^(+)-N)、总氮(TN)、总磷(TP)等含量。结果显示:牛场废水处理系统整体在秋季对COD_(Cr)的去除率最高,为100%,其次为夏季(78.52%)、冬季(54.92%)和春季(45.11%)。系统整体在秋季对NH_(4)^(+)-N去除率最高,为14.68%,其次为冬季(8.45%),在春季和夏季无去除效果。系统整体在冬季对TN去除率最高,为26.71%,其次为夏季(0.90%),在春季和秋季无去除效果。系统整体在秋季对TP去除率最高,为72.45%,其次为冬季(38.57%)、夏季(25.11%)和春季(6.26%)。相关性分析结果表明,COD_(Cr)、NH_(4)^(+)-N、TN、TP、pH、EC与温度均呈负相关;COD_(Cr)、NH_(4)^(+)-N、TN、TP、EC两两之间均呈显著正相关,其中NH_(4)^(+)-N和TN之间呈极显著正相关。综上所述,奶牛场污水处理系统在不同季节对不同污染物的去除效果不一样,应根据不同季节设计合理的运行参数提高对污水的去除效果。

In order to explore the impact of different seasons on the effect of sewage treatment,in this study,sampling was carried out in a dairy farm in Henan Province.Wastewater samples from seven sites were collected during four seasons,namely,the collection tank inlet,the collection tank,after solid-liquid separation,the first-stage sedimentation tank outlet,the second-stage sedimentation tank outlet,the third-stage sedimentation tank outlet,lagoon outlet.The content of chemical oxygen demand(COD_(Cr)),ammonia nitrogen(NH_(4)^(+)-N),total nitrogen(TN),total phosphorus(TP)in the sample was detected.Results show that the highest COD_(cr) removal rate is 100%in autumn,followed by summer(78.52%),winter(54.92%)and spring(45.11%).The highest removal rate of NH_(4)^(+)-N is found in autumn(14.68%),followed by winter(8.45%),with no removal effect in spring and summer.The removal rate of TN is the highest in winter(26.71%),followed by summer(0.90%),with no removal effect in spring and autumn.The highest TP removal rate is 72.45%in autumn,followed by winter(38.57%),summer(25.11%)and spring(6.26%).The results of correlation analysis showed that COD_(cr),NH_(4)^(+)-N,TN,TP,pH,EC are negatively correlated with temperature;COD_(Cr),NH_(4)^(+)-N,TN,TP and EC display significantly positive pairwise correlation,among which NH_(4)^(+)-N and TN exhibit highly significantly positive correlation.In summary,the removal efficiency of dairy wastewater treatment system for different pollutants vary with seasons,so reasonable operation parameters should be designed with seasons to improve the removal effect of sewage.