上海市青少年游泳运动员膳食调查及血液指标的研究——以黄浦区为例

Research on Dietary Survey and Blood Indexes of Young Swimmers in Shanghai--Take Huangpu District as an Example

目的:青少年运动员因受教育程度、训练保障以及膳食营养问题的困扰,营养状况并不尽如人意,且相关研究相对较少。该研究以青少年游泳运动员为对象,调查分析其膳食营养现状。方法:对55名青少年游泳运动员进行膳食调查及生化检测。结果:(1)男子运动员碳水化合物摄入低于总热能50%,女子运动员仅达到推荐范围下限,所有运动员蛋白质摄入量均在推荐范围内,脂肪摄入量均高于推荐范围;(2)所有运动员早餐热能摄入在推荐范围内,部分运动员午餐热能摄入仅达到推荐范围下限或不足,晚餐热能摄入均高于推荐范围;(3)蛋白质、无机盐营养状况均正常,血清25-OHD_(3)浓度均低于75nmol/L。结论:(1)运动员碳水化合物摄入占总热能比例偏低,脂肪摄入占总热能比例偏高,与早餐、午餐热能摄入相比,晚餐热能摄入相对偏高;(2)运动员均存在维生素D不足及不同程度的缺乏。

Objective:The nutritional status of young athletes is not satisfactory due to the problems of education,training security and dietary nutrition,and there are relatively few relevant studies.This study is to investigate and analyze the dietary nutrition status of young swimmers.Methods:The dietary survey and biochemical test were conducted on 55 young swimmers.Result:(1)The carbohydrate intake of male athletes is less than 50%of the total heat energy,and female athletes only reach the lower limit of the recommended range,the protein intake of all athletes was within the recommended range,and the fat intake was higher than the recommended range;(2)The breakfast energy intake of all athletes is within the recommended range,the lunch energy intake of some athletes only reached the lower limit or insufficient of the recommended range,and the dinner energy intake was higher than the recommended range;(3)The nutritional status of protein and inorganic salts are normal,and the serum 25-OHD_(3) concentration is lower than 75nmol/L.Conclusion:(1)The proportion of carbohydrate intake in total heat energy of athletes is low,and the proportion of fat intake in total heat energy is high.Compared with breakfast and lunch,dinner heat energy intake is relatively high.(2)Athletes have vitamin D deficiency and different degrees of deficiency.