生态系统水供给服务空间流动研究进展

Research Progress on Spatial Flow of Ecosystem Water Supply Services

20世纪90年代以来,生态系统服务流动是目前生态学、经济学和地理学综合研究领域的热点问题。水供给服务流动特征明显,且在众多生态系统服务中占据中心位,是连接生态系统(供给区)与人类生产生活(需求区或受益区)的桥梁,是调节水流量、水循环、水质的重要途径。从供需角度分析水供给服务流动(输送区),模拟流动路径,对于实现水供给服务效益起到关键纽带作用,与此同时,它更强调社会经济与生态环境的协调配合,为建立生态系统和社会经济系统之间的联系具有重要理论和实践意义。因此,针对国内水供给服务空间流动的研究亟待开展。试图构建生态系统水供给服务分析思路框架,识别供给和受益范围,确定服务流动方式、流量及流动路径,探索水供给与需求之间的因果关系。采用文献分析方法系统梳理水供给服务空间流研究进展,分别进行纵向和横向对比。结果表明:(1)按照时间顺序可以分为基础萌芽期、理论发展期、空间关联研究期3个时期;(2)按功能区域可划分为水流供给区、需求区和输送区3个部分,并对比分析各区域定量分析的方法;(3)综合分析结果,国外研究发展快,主要以模型模拟为主。国内水供给服务的研究整体处于起步阶段,停留在生态系统供给与需求的各自时空格局研究层面,水供需服务和空间路径之间的关联缺乏深入研究。

The flow of ecosystem services has been a hot topic in the comprehensive research fields of ecology,economics and geography since the 1990s.Water supply service has obvious flow characteristics and occupies a central position among many ecosystem services.It is a bridge connecting the ecosystem(supply area)and human production and life(demand area or beneficiary area),and is an important way to regulate water flow,water circulation,and water quality.Analyzing the flow of water supply services(conveyor area)from the perspective of supply and demand,and simulating the flow path,play a key role in realizing the benefits of water supply services.It also emphasizes the coordination and cooperation of social economy and ecological environment.It has important theoretical and practical significance for establishing the relationship between ecosystems and socio-economic systems.Therefore,research on the spatial flow of domestic water supply services needs to be carried out urgently.This research attempts to build a framework for the analysis of ecosystem water supply services,identify the scope of supply and benefit,determine the service flow mode,flow and flow path,and explore the causal relationship between water supply and demand.The literature analysis method is used to systematically sort out the research progress of the spatial flow of water supply services,and the vertical and horizontal comparisons are carried out respectively.The results show that:(1)According to the time sequence,it can be divided into three periods the basic germination period,the theoretical development period and the spatial correlation research period.(2)According to the functional area,it can be divided into three parts,water supply area,demand area and transportation area,and the quantitative analysis methods of each area are compared and analyzed.(3)Comprehensive analysis results,foreign research has developed rapidly,mainly based on model simulation.The research on domestic water supply services as a whole is in its infancy,and stays at the research level of the respective temporal and spatial patterns of ecosystem supply and demand.There is a lack of in-depth research on the relationship between water supply and demand services and spatial paths.