环境退化感知、家庭禀赋对干旱地区农民幸福感的影响研究——基于甘肃省1317份调查数据的实证分析

Study on Influence of Environment Degradation Perception and Family Endowment on Farmers’ Well-Being in Arid Areas——Based on an Empirical Analysis of 1317 Survey Data from Gansu Province

评估干旱地区农民幸福感与环境、家庭生计之间的关系,对于生态脆弱地区人民追求美好生活具有重大现实意义。文章利用甘肃省13个县(市)1317份农民调查数据,运用统计分析方法和Lowess回归分析农民幸福感以及“幸福悖论”现象,运用Order Logit模型分析农民幸福感的影响因素。研究结果显示:(1)干旱地区的农民幸福感总体处于“一般幸福”与“比较幸福”之间,均值为3.04(“非常幸福”为5),“不幸福”的主要原因有收入不稳定、生活水平较低、生态改善不明显等。(2)农民幸福感与家庭年人均收入存在12000元的转折拐点,即随着家庭年人均收入持续增加,农民幸福感呈先上升后下降的趋势。(3)环境退化感知影响因素中沙漠对绿洲侵蚀程度、极端灾害天气次数、自然植被破坏程度、水资源紧缺程度与农民幸福感存在显著负相关,其剥夺效应分别为6.15%、4.57%、7.96%和6.08%。家庭禀赋中家庭总收入、生产资料、劳动力数量和耕地面积每上升1%,农民幸福感分别增加7.62%、5.96%、5.36%和5.18%。个体特征中教育、健康状况每提高改善1%,农民幸福感分别提高0.194%和18.6%;家庭人口数量对农民幸福感产生正向影响,农村“多子多福”思想具有显著的幸福效应。(4)平原村庄农民的幸福感高于山区村庄农民的幸福感,农业户幸福感的影响因素显然要多于非农业户。文章研究认为,一方面,西部地区生态文明建设过程中及时关注重点群体的生态环境获得感,提供更多的生态建设参与机会,通过环境治理提高家庭生计水平;另一方面,农民作为生态文明建设的“参与者”和“反馈者”,其对幸福感的判断对未来环境行为决策及家庭生计期望产生重要影响。

It is of great practical significance to evaluate farmers’ well-being in arid areas and the correlation effect with the environment and family livelihood, which helps to meet the needs of people for a better life in ecologically fragile areas. Using 1317 farm household survey data from 13 counties and cities in Gansu Province, this paper investigated the farmers’ well-being and the "happiness paradox" phenomenon by statistical analysis and Lowess regression. In addition, Order Logit model was applied to analyze the factors influencing farmers’ well-being. The research results indicated that:(1) Overall farmers’ well-being in arid areas was between "average" and "relatively happy" with a mean value of 3.04( "very happy" index 5). Moreover, the main reasons for unhappiness were: unstable income,lower living standards and lack of ecological improvement.(2)There was a turning point of 12,000 yuan between farmers’ well-being and per capita household income, as per capita household income continues to increase, farmers’ well-being tends to rise first and then declined.(3)Among the influencing factors of environmental degradation perception, the degree of desert erosion on oasis, the number of extreme disaster weather, the degree of natural vegetation destruction and the degree of water shortage were significantly negatively correlated with farmers’ well-being, and their deprivation effects were 6.15%, 4.57%, 7.96% and 6.08% respectively. In family endowment,the total household income, means of production, the number of labor force and the cultivated land area increased by 1%, and farmers’ well-being increased by 7.62%, 5.96%, 5.36% and 5.18% respectively. Individual characteristics of education, health improved 1%, farmers’ well-being increased 0.194%, 18.6% respectively. The number of family population had a positive impact on farmers’ happiness, and the idea of more children and more happiness in rural areas had a significant indigenous happiness effect.(4)Famers’ well-being in plain villages was higher than that of famers in mountainous villages, and the influencing factors of the well-being of farm households were obviously more than that of non-agricultural households. The paper thought that, on one hand, in the process of ecological civilization construction in the western region, it should be paid timely attention to the sense of ecological environment acquisition of key groups,to provide more opportunities to participate in ecological construction, and to improve the level of family livelihood through environmental governance. On the other hand, as "participants" and " feedback" of ecological civilization construction, farmers’ judgment of well-being had an important impact on future environmental behavior decisions and family livelihood expectations.