大学生自然保护地志愿者服务行为意向的形成机理

Formation Mechanism of College Students’ Volunteer Service Behavior Intention in Nature Reserves

近年来,我国以国家公园为主体的自然保护地体系建设取得阶段性成效,研究大学生参与自然保护地志愿者服务行为意向的影响因素以及各因素之间的作用机理,对于完善自然保护地志愿者服务机制促进自然保护地的发展很有必要。文章以湖南省长沙市高校大学生为研究对象,基于新的理论视角——MOA分析框架,运用结构方程模型探究大学生参与自然保护地志愿者服务的行为意向与影响因素之间的作用机理。研究结果表明:(1)参与动机对参与约束、行为意向的路径系数分别为0.130和0.452,表明参与动机对参与约束和行为意向都有显著的正向影响,反映出大学生虽然有较强的参与动机,但是仍能理性地考虑参与约束的影响;(2)参与约束对约束调节策略有显著的正向影响,系数为0.414,约束调节策略对行为意向有显著的正向影响,系数为0.839,表明大学生参与自然保护地感知到的参与约束程度越高,越愿意采取相应的约束调节策略克服参与约束的影响,进而参与自然保护地志愿者服务的行为意向越强;(3)参与约束对行为意向的影响并不显著,说明大学生在受到各种约束条件的制约时,仍然具有参与自然保护地志愿者服务的动机和行为意向;(4)自我效能的高低显著影响大学生参与自然保护地志愿者服务的动机、约束、约束调节策略以及行为意向。文章提出政策启示:(1)建立高校与自然保护地、权威的志愿者服务组织的合作通道;(2)完善自然保护地志愿者服务机制;(3)增强大学生的自我效能,发挥其主观能动性。

In recent years, our country has achieved phased results in the construction of a nature reserve system with national parks as the main body. Studying the influencing factors of college students’ intention to participate in the volunteer service of nature reserves and the mechanism of action between the factors are of great significance for developing and improving the volunteer service mechanism of nature reserves. Taking college students in Changsha City, Hunan Province as the research object, based on a new theoretical perspective-MOA analysis framework, this paper used structural equation model(SEM) to explore the mechanism of interaction between college students’ behavioral intention and influencing factors in volunteer service in nature reserves. The research conclusions showed that:(1)The path coefficients of participation motivation on participation constraint and behavioral intention were 0.130 and 0.452 respectively,indicating that participation motivation on participation constraint and behavioral intention all had significant positive effects, which reflected that although college students had strong participation motivation, they still could rationally consider the influence of participation constraint.(2) Participation constraint had a significant positive effect on the constraint regulation strategy, with a coefficient of 0.414,and the constraint regulation strategy had a significant positive effect on the behavioral intention, with a coefficient of 0.839, indicating that the higher the degree of participation constraint perceived by college students in nature reserves, the more willing they were to adopt the corresponding constraint regulation strategy to overcome the influence of participation constraint, and the stronger the behavioral intention to participate in volunteer service in nature reserve.(3) The relationship between participation constraint and behavioral intention was not significant, indicating that college students still had the motivation and behavioral intention to participate in volunteer service in nature reserves under various constraints.(4) The level of self-efficacy could significantly affect the motivation, constraint, constraint regulation strategy and behavioral intention of college students participating in the volunteer service of nature reserves. The article proposed policy enlightenment:(1) To establish cooperation channels between universities and nature reserves and authoritative volunteer service organizations.(2) To improve the volunteer service mechanism of nature reserves.(3) To enhance the self-efficacy of college students and give play to their subjective initiative.