2018—2020年宁夏百日咳流行特征分析

Analysis of epidemiological characteristics of pertussis in Ningxia from 2018 to 2020

目的 了解2018—2020年宁夏百日咳流行特征和趋势,为预防控制百日咳提供科学依据。方法 收集传染病监测技术平台信息管理系统相关资料,应用实时荧光定量PCR检测咽拭子标本,运用SPSS 21.0统计分析数据。结果2018—2020年宁夏百日咳共发病97例,发病率0.461/10万,2019年百日咳发病率是2018年的2.2倍,不同年度发病率差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=8.333,P<0.05),无死亡病例;全年均有发病,其中3月和8—10月发病数较多;以散居儿童为主、占87.62%,其中75.26%的病例为1岁及以下婴儿。结论 宁夏百日咳发病呈升高趋势,春秋季高发,1岁及以下婴儿是高发人群;应在春秋季加强1岁及以下婴儿百日咳监测,提高实验室诊断能力,以有效防控百日咳。

Objective To understand the epidemiological characteristics and trend of pertussis in Ningxia from 2018 to2020,and provide scientific basis for pertussis prevention and control.Methods The related data was collected from the information management system of infectious disease surveillance technology platform.The throat swabs were detected by real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR,and the data were statistically analyzed by SPSS 21.0.Results There were 97pertussis cases in Ningxia from 2018 to 2020,with incidence rate of 0.461/100 000.The incidence of pertussis in 2019 was2.2 times higher than that in 2018.There was statistical difference(χ^(2)=8.333,P<0.05) in the incidence rates.None of death was reported.The cases occurred all years round,and more cases reported in March and during August to October.Scattered children were the main,accounting for 87.62%,of which,75.26% of them were under 1 year-old.Conclusions The incidence of pertussis shows upward trend,with high incidence in spring and autumn,and the children aged 1 year and below are the population with high incidence in Ningxia.The surveillance of pertussis in the children aged 1 year and below should be strengthened in spring and autumn,and the diagnostic capacity of laboratory should be improved for effective prevent and control of pertussis.