生态系统质量及其状态演变的生态学理论和评估方法之探索

Discussion on the ecological theory and assessment methods of ecosystem quality and its evolution

生态文明建设和生态环境治理是国家治理的基本任务之一,我国已经明确提出了提升生态系统质量和稳定性的目标。然而,生态系统质量的科学概念及其状态演变的评估理论和方法却是一直困扰学术界且尚未形成广泛共识的难题。本文在梳理生态系统质量的科学概念及其状态演变研究进展基础上,借鉴物质生产的产品质量、质量管理和质量评价概念,论述了生态系统质量概念及生态学理论基础,从生态系统的自然属性-社会属性-经济属性及其相互关系,生态系统组分-结构-过程-功能-服务-功效的级联关系,系统要素-系统-环境互馈关系,以及生态系统的状态波动-数量变化-质量改变的逻辑关系等视角,讨论了生态系统质量及演变的科学内涵,进而从自然资源环境系统、典型生态系统、区域宏观生态系统、生态工程效应/功效等方面,提出了多应用目标的生态系统质量变化评估的视角和方法。

Ecological civilization construction and ecological environment governance are basic tasks of state gover-nance in China.China has clearly put forward the goal of improving ecosystem quality and stability.However,there are no consensus on the scientific concept of ecosystem quality and the assessment methods of ecosystem quality evolution,which has puzzled the academic community.Based on the summarization of the scientific concept of ecosystem quality and its evolution,we discussed the concept of ecosystem quality and its ecological theory basis by referencing the concept of production quality,quality management and quality assessment of material production.The scientific connotation of ecosystem quality and its evolution was discussed from the perspectives of ecosystem natural attribute-social attribute-economic attribute and the relationships between them,the cascade relations of ecosystem component-structure-process-function-service-efficacy,the feedback of factor-system-environment,and the logic relation of state ecosystem fluctuation-quantity variation-quality alternation.We proposed perspectives and approaches of multi-objective assessment of ecosystem quality alternation from the aspects of natural resource environment system,typical ecosystem,regional macro-ecosystem,and ecological engineering efficacy.