祁连山青海云杉低液流特征及其影响因素

Low sap flow of Picea crassifolia and its influencing factors in Qilian Mountains, China

植被蒸腾作为林区生态水文的重要组成部分,是分析林区水分循环及其植被健康生长的基础,对林区保护和科学管理至关重要。本研究于2017—2018年运用热扩散探针对祁连山青海云杉树干液流进行连续监测,探究祁连山青海云杉蒸腾耗水特征,并分析影响云杉生长和蒸腾过程的主控因素。结果表明:青海云杉树干液流的瞬时变化在晴天呈单峰曲线,在阴天呈多峰或双峰型曲线,在雨天基本无明显规律。青海云杉液流密度与太阳辐射变化趋势一致,晴天液流启动较早,结束较晚,液流历时12~14 h。因该地区海拔较高(2700 m),空气温度较低,饱和水汽压差(VPD)较低,导致液流密度整体偏低,平均为(0.86±0.49) kg·d^(-1)。在小时尺度上,液流瞬时速率受太阳辐射和VPD的显著影响,而在日尺度下,0~40 cm土层土壤温度和土壤水分含量与液流密度显著相关。云杉液流密度随着太阳辐射、空气温度和VPD的降低而降低,在祁连山高海拔林区,较低的土壤和空气温度以及较低的VPD和太阳辐射是导致该地区青海云杉液流偏低的主要原因。

As an important part of ecological hydrology, transpiration is the basis for analyzing forest water cycle and healthy growth, and important for forest protection and scientific management. We used thermal diffusion probes(TDP) to continuously monitor sap flow of Picea crassifolia in the Qilian Mountains from 2017 to 2018 to explore water consumption of P. crassifolia, and analyze the main controlling factors for the growth and transpiration of spruce. The results showed that the instantaneous change of P. crassifolia sap flow showed a single-peak curve in sunny days, a multi-peak or double-peak curve in cloudy days, and basically no obvious regularity in rainy days. The sap flow density of Qinghai spruce was consistent with the dynamics of solar radiation. The sap flow started earlier and ended later on sunny days, and lasted for 12 to 14 hours. Due to the high altitude(2700 m), low air temperature, and low vapor pressure difference(VPD) in this area, the overall sap flow density was low, with an average of(0.86±0.49) kg·d^(-1). On the hourly scale, the instantaneous rate of sap flow was significantly affected by solar radiation and VPD. On the daily scale, soil temperature and soil moisture content of the 0-40 cm layer were significantly related to sap flow density. The spruce sap flow density decreased with the decreases of solar radiation, air temperature, and VPD. In the high-altitude forest area of Qilian Mountains, lower soil and air temperature as well as lower VPD and solar radiation were the causes of low sap flow in Picea crassifolia in this area.