咸水沟灌对棉田土壤水稳性团聚体稳定性的影响

Effects of saline-water furrow irrigation on the stability of soil water-stable aggregates in cotton field

探明咸水沟灌对土壤水稳性团聚体的影响对实现咸水资源安全高效利用具有重要意义。本研究在棉花长期定位咸水沟灌试验(始于2006年)的基础上,分析了不同矿化度(1、2、4、6、8、10 g·L^(-1))咸水连续灌溉第10年和第15年棉田土壤盐分和水稳性团聚体稳定性的变化特征。结果表明:沟底0~30 cm土层土壤盐分随灌溉水矿化度的升高而增加,其中6、8、10 g·L^(-1)灌水处理与1 g·L^(-1)处理间差异达显著水平;随着土层深度的增加,各处理土壤盐分逐渐增大。咸水沟灌有降低沟底土壤水稳性团聚体稳定性的趋势,当灌溉水矿化度≥6 g·L^(-1)时,水稳性大团聚体(>0.25 mm)质量分数、团聚体平均重量直径和几何平均直径显著降低,分形维数和平均重量比表面积显著增大;随着土层深度的增加,各处理土壤水稳性团聚体稳定性下降。连续多年咸水沟灌条件下,各处理棉田沟底0~30 cm土层土壤盐分和水稳性团聚体稳定性未随灌水年限的增加而逐年积累与恶化。在本研究灌溉制度下,采用≤4 g·L^(-1)咸水沟灌对试验区棉田土壤盐分和水稳性团聚体稳定性指标无显著影响。

It is of great importance to explore the effects of saline-water furrow irrigation on soil water-stable aggregates for safe and efficient utilization of saline water resources. We conducted a long-term cotton experiment with six levels of saline-water furrow irrigation(1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10 g·L^(-1)) since 2006 and analyzed the variations of soil salinity and water-stable aggregates in the 10 th and 15 th years under saline irrigation. The results showed that soil salinity in the 0-30 cm layer at the ditch increased with increasing salinity level of irrigation water. There were significant differences between the 6, 8, 10 g·L^(-1)and 1 g·L^(-1)treatments. Soil salinity in each treatment increased gradually with increasing soil depth. Saline-water furrow irrigation tended to reduce the stability of soil water-stable aggregates. When the salinity level of the irrigation water was ≥6 g·L^(-1), the mass fraction of macroaggregates(>0.25 mm), the mean weight diameter and geometric mean diameter of water-stable aggregates significantly decreased. In contrast, the fractal dimension and mean weight specific surface area increased significantly. The stability of soil water-stable aggregates decreased with soil depth in all treatments. Under the condition of saline-water furrow irrigation for several years, there was no accumulation of soil salinity and instability of water-stable aggregates in the 0-30 cm soil layer at the ditch with each passing year. With the irrigation scheduling of this study, saline-water furrow irrigation with salinity ≤4 g·L^(-1)did not affect soil salinity and water-stable aggregate stability of cotton field in this area.