伪造股东签名之公司决议行为效力的区分认定

Validity Determination of the Act of Forging Shareholder’s Signature in Company Resolutions

对于伪造股东签名的公司决议的效力认定问题,存在路径与标准之争。对民法规则的摒弃与对团体法规则的追捧是主流观点和主要做法。然而,公司决议是公司法人意思的形成,且又是社团组织特殊议事程序下的结果,故应以民法之意思表示规则为基础、以团体法之程序规则和决议内容为辅助而构建其效力认定标准,既关注公司真意的形成,也关注决议程序是否存在瑕疵及决议内容是否处分股东个人权利。因此,应在民法体系中构建基于法人的意思表示规则,并依此判断公司真意是否形成。同时,在团体法中区分决议程序与决议内容的不同情形分别设置具体的认定标准。

There are not only path disputes,but also specific identification standard disputes on the validity determination in company resolutions. The abandonment of the rules of civil law and the pursuit of the rules of Association Law are the main view and practice. However,in view of the formation of legal person’s meaning and the particularity of the Association Organization in company resolutions,the cognizance standard should be constructed under the basis of the rules of expression of will in Civil Law with the rules of procedure and content of resolutions in Association Law as the auxiliary. The cognizance standard not only pays attention to the authenticity of formation of company’s intention,but also concerns about whether the procedure of company resolution is defective and whether the content of the resolution dispose of the individual rights of shareholders. Therefore,the rules of expression of will based on legal person should be established in the system of Civil Law,and the determination whether the true meaning of company has been formed according to the rules.Meanwhile,different situations of procedure and content of resolutions should be distinguished and specific standards should be set in Association Law.