基于Meta-Analysis方法分析滴灌对玉米水分利用效率及产量的影响

Effects of drip irrigation on water use efficiency and yield of maize based on Meta-Analysis

为探究灌溉方式、灌溉水平和品种对玉米水分利用效率及产量的定量影响,基于中国知网及Web of Science,以“玉米”、“滴灌”、“水分利用效率/产量”等为主题检索词,检索到2000-01-01—2020-12-31发表的110篇文献,并根据已定筛选标准,最终纳入21篇文献的94组相关数据进行Meta-Analysis。结果表明:1)以灌溉量为40%~60%的作物需水量(ET_(c))为对照,与60%~80%、100%~120%和120%~140%的ET_(c)相比,灌溉量为80%~100%ET_(c)时,玉米水分利用效率的效应值最高,标准均值差SMD=2.83(P<0.05),产量的效应值也较高,SMD=1.70(P>0.05);2)灌溉量在80%~100%ET_(c)的水平下,以滴灌为对照,畦灌、沟灌和漫灌的玉米水分利用效率的合并效应值SMD=-4.55(P<0.05),产量的合并效应值SMD=-1.34(P<0.05);3)灌溉量在80%~100%ET_(c)的水平下,以‘郑单958’为对照,与‘西蒙6号’、‘沈单10号’、‘秋乐126’和‘农华101’相比,种植‘京科958’的玉米水分利用效率的效应值最高,SMD=4.53(P<0.05),产量的效应值也最高,SMD=6.70(P<0.05)。因此,建议在灌溉区域采用滴灌灌溉方式,能够增产节水。水分利用效率能提高45.5%,产量能提高13.4%。同时使滴灌水平控制在80%~100%ET_(c)下,节水增产的效果更优。

To investigate the quantitative effects of irrigation methods,irrigation levels and crop varieties on the water use efficiency and yield of maize in China,110 papers published from 2000-01-01 to 2020-12-31 were retrieved by using“maize”,“drip irrigation”and“water use efficiency/yield”as subject search terms on CNKI and Web of Science.According to the established screening criteria,94 groups of relevant data from 21papers were included for MetaAnalysis.The results showed that:1)Using 40%-60% ET_(c)(crop water requirement)as control,compared with 60%-80% ET_(c),100%-120% ET_(c)and 120%-140% ET_(c),the irrigation amount of 80%-100% ET_(c)had the highest effect value of water use efficiency with SMD=2.83(P<0.05).The effect value of yield was also higher with SMD=1.70(P>0.05).2)Under 80%-100% ET_(c),using drip irrigation as control,the combined effect of water use efficiency under border irrigation,furrow irrigation and flood irrigation was SMD=-4.55(P<0.05),and the combined effect of yield was SMD=-1.34(P<0.05).3)Under 80%-100% ET_(c)and using‘Zhengdan 958’as control,compared with‘Ximeng 6’,‘Shendan 10’,‘Qiule 126’and‘Nonghua 101’,‘Jingke 958’had the highest effect value of water use efficiency with SMD=4.53(P<0.05).The effect value of yield was also the highest with SMD=6.70(P<0.05).Therefore,application of drip irrigation in the irrigation areas can increase production and save water.The water use efficiency(WUE)and yield increased by 45.5% and 13.4%,respectively.At the same time,when the drip irrigation level is controlled at 80%-100% ET_(c),the effect of water-saving and yield increase is better.