“双碳”目标下“能源三要素”再思考

Rethinking of the“Three Elements of Energy”Toward Carbon Peak and Carbon Neutrality

综观人类能源发展史,在不同的发展阶段,普遍都面临着能源安全、能源成本、能源环境三要素权衡的难题,其本质是一个多目标复杂系统优化问题。文中研究“能源三要素”在能源发展不同阶段的内涵及演变,分析能源绿色低碳转型进程中“能源三要素”面临的新挑战,提出推动实现“双碳”目标的基本思路,以及加快建立新型电力供应安全体系、系统施策降低与疏导能源转型成本、构建新型电力系统推动绿色低碳转型的策略建议。

The trilemma of balancing among security,cost,and sustainability of energy,referred to as“Three Elements of Energy”(TEE),has been an enduring challenge throughout human’s history.It is essentially a complex and multi-objective system optimization problem.This paper first studied the evolution of TEE at different stages of energy development.Then,the new challenges brought by green and low-carbon energy transition were analyzed.Finally,we proposed some recommendations of achieving carbon neutrality in the context of TEE,including the reform of electricity security framework,systematic implementation of policy measures to allocate energy transition cost,and facilitating green and low-carbon energy transition by a new power system.