水质问题引起的卫生事件调查分析和解决建议

Investigation and analysis of health incidents caused by water quality problems and suggestions for solving them

目的 通过对广东省云浮市新兴县某小区一起水质问题引起的公共卫生事件进行调查,明确原因,从而预防此类事件的再次发生。方法 对一个供水水质正常的小区和一个出现供水水质问题的小区进行综合调查,分析和判定造成出现供水水质问题的小区水质变化的原因,提出改善水质的对策。结果 疑似受污染小区采取二次供水策略,有62.40%居民在饮用自来水之后出现不同程度的消化道症状。对照小区未采取二次供水策略,有4.03%居民出现不同程度的消化道症状。疑似污染小区的用水满意率为0.80%,明显低于对照小区的98.32%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。金属指标检测显示疑似污染的小区采集的20份业主家水样中锌水平为(1.52±0.28)mg/L。感官性状分析疑似污染的小区采集的20份业主家水样中浑浊度为7~9 NTU,平均(8.40±0.90)NTU,严重超过1.0 NTU的标准。对照小区采集的60份样本中理化指标及浑浊度均为合格。结论 本起公共卫生事件主要原因是水管偶尔破裂时混入的泥沙在二次供水水池中沉积导致的浑浊度超标和开发商使用的镀锌管不合格导致的金属锌超标。

Objective Through the investigation of a public health incident caused by water quality problems in a community in Xinxing County, Yunfu City, Guangdong Province, the causes of water pollution were identified, so as to prevent the recurrence of such incidents. Methods A community with normal water supply quality and a community with water supply quality problems were comprehensively investigated, the causes of water quality changes in the community with water supply quality problems were analyzed and determined, and the countermeasures to improve water quality were put forward. Results The secondary water supply strategy was adopted in the suspected polluted community, and 62.40% of the residents had digestive tract symptoms in varying degrees after drinking tap water. The control community did not adopt the secondary water supply strategy, and 4.03% of the residents had different degrees of gastrointestinal symptoms. The water satisfaction rate of the suspected polluted community was 0.80%, which was significantly lower than 98.32% of the control community, and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05). Toxicological test showed that the zinc level in 20 water samples collected from the owner’s house in the suspected polluted community was(1.52±0.28) mg/L. The turbidity of 20 water samples collected from the owner’s house in the suspected polluted community was 7-9 NTU, with an average of(8.40± 0.90) NTU,which seriously exiceeding the standard of 1.0 NTU. The physical and chemical indexes and turbidity of 60samples collected from the control community were qualified. Conclusion The main reasons for this public health incident were the excessive turbidity caused by the sediment mixed in the secondary water supply pool when the water pipe was occasionally broken, and the excessive metal zinc caused by the unqualified galvanized pipe used by the developer.