长沙市2010—2019年输入性疟疾流行特征及再传播风险评估

Imported malaria in Changsha municipality-prevalence characteristics and retransmission risk,2010-2019

目的分析湖南省长沙市2010—2019年输入性疟疾流行特征及其引发本土再传播的风险,为制定防疟策略和措施提供科学依据。方法收集长沙市2010年1月—2019年12月输入性疟疾病例信息、媒介按蚊监测资料、防控能力资料和人口学资料相关数据,采用描述性流行病学方法和调整后的输入再传播风险评估法分析该地区输入性疟疾的流行特征及其引发本土再传播的风险。结果长沙市2010—2019年共报道输入性疟疾病例402例,以恶性疟最多[233例(58.0%)],其次为间日疟[102例(25.4%)];输入性疟疾病例以男性、年龄18~44岁者和农民工居多,病例最多的地区为浏阳市,输入国主要为非洲国家;长沙市各区传播风险指数由高到低依次为浏阳市(73.59)、宁乡县(60.08)、雨花区(60.08)、岳麓区(52.56)、长沙县(45.06)、天心区(42.05)、望城区(31.54)、开福区(30.04)和芙蓉区(21.03)。结论长沙市输入性疟疾以恶性疟为主,主要来自非洲,浏阳市输入性疟疾引起本土再传播的相对风险较高。

Objective To analyze prevalence characteristics and the risk of local retransmission of imported malaria from2010 to 2019 in Changsha municipality,Hunan province and to provide evidences for developing strategies and measures on malaria control.Methods We extracted the data on imported malaria cases registered in Changsha municipality from 2010 through 2019;regional information of the same period on demographics,capabilities of disease prevention and control and vector Anopheles mosquitoes surveillance were also collected simultaneously.Descriptive epidemiological methods and adjusted input retransmission risk assessment method were used to analyze prevalence characteristics and the risk of local retransmission of imported malaria.Results Totally 402 imported malaria cases were registered in the region during the10-year period;of the reported cases,58.0%(233)and 25.4%(102)were falciparum and vivax malaria.Most of the imported malaria cases were males and the majority of the cases were aged 18 to 44 years and migrant workers.More imported malaria cases were reported in Liuyang prefecture.The reported cases were mainly from African countries.The transmission risk index ranged from 73.59 to 21.03 for the 9 prefectures/districts/counties of the municipality,with the highest index for a prefecture and the lowest for a district,the indexes between 60.08 and 52.56 for the three and between 45.06 and 30.04 for the four counties/districts,respectively.Conclusion For Changsha municipality during 2010-2019,the imported malaria cases were mainly falciparum malaria and from Africa countries;the risk of malaria local retransmission is relatively high in a prefecture of the municipality.