乡村治理中的制度举措失焦化:特征、生成与优化--以中部地区C县“三治结合”实践为例

Features,Generation and Optimization of Unfocused Institutional Measures in Rural Governance:A Case Study of“Combination of Three Governance” Practice in County C in Central China

相较于内卷化、制度失灵、制度失准,制度举措失焦化更为精准地概括了乡村治理中的此类问题:某些制度举措虽然表现出一定程度的工具性绩效,但却未能聚焦于制度本身的核心载体与价值要求。这种失焦化体现在“三治分离”、自治民生化、法治秩序化、德治行政化等方面。从基层治理实践看,干部价值观念错位、现有考评机制压力、群众需求异化是这一现象产生的主要原因。而制度举措的失焦化,又将进一步强化行政依赖、经费依赖,带来治理理念的错位。新制度主义中的制度规范与理性选择有助于揭示其生成机制,而治理过程的价值融入、制度创新的科学评价、群众主体性与乡村内生性的凸显,有助于改善失焦化这一现象。

Compared with involution,institutional failure and institutional inaccuracy,unfocused institutional measures can more accurately summarize such problems in rural governance.Although some institutional measures show instrumental performance to a certain extent,they fail to focus on the core carrier and value requirements of the institution itself,which is reflected in"separation of three governance",self-governance tending towards people's wellbeing,rule of law tending towards order,rule of virtue tending towards administration and so on.From the practice of primary-level governance,the main reasons are the dislocation of officials'values,the pressure of existing evaluation mechanism and the alienation of public needs.The unfocused institutional measures will further strengthen administrative and financial dependence,and bring about the dislocation of governance concept.The institutional norms and rational choices in the new institutionalism help to reveal its generating mechanism,while the value integration in the governance process,the scientific evaluation of institutional innovation,the prominence of the public subjectivity and the rural endogeneity help to improve the unfocused measures.