社会认知视域下语言意义建构刍议——以多义现象为例

Probing into Meaning Construction of Polysemy from the Socio-cognitive Perspective

本文以多义现象为例,根据认知语言学领域近二十年来出现社会转向的语言学思潮,阐释了多义衍生的社会认知机制。这一社会认知机制主要有浮现和规约化两个社会处理进程。浮现需要语言使用主体在社会交互中所内化的社会百科知识和社会情境中交际协同两个充分必要的条件;规约化涉及语言社团的接受度、威望遵从、群体归属感的仿效等社会因素,从而压制出词汇的社会语义值,惯常化后进入公共词库。而之后衍生义的发展轨迹也受社会发展的影响。社会文化环境下个体间的社会交互活动是多义衍生的触发器和孵化器。

The past two decades have witnessed the social turn of cognitive linguistic study.This paper intends to probe into the socio-cognitive mechanism of meaning construction by studying polysemy.Such mechanism involves two social processing steps:emergence and conventionalization of meaning.Emergence is generated by two necessary and sufficient conditions.One is internalized encyclopedic knowledge of the agents through social interaction and the other is coordination of the interlocutors(either writer and reader or speaker and hearer)in written or oral communication.Conventionalization involves such social coercion as acceptability of the members of the language community,prestige and peer-group pressure,through which the social semantic value of the polysemy could be consented and its usage,through habituation,will enter the communal lexicon.And the locus of the semantic change will also be determined by the development of the society.Socio-cultural activities are the motivator and incubator of semantic variations.