汉语集合量词二语习得研究

Second Language Acquisition of Chinese Set Quantifiers

基于作文语料与测试语料对留学生汉语集合量词的习得情况进行考查发现:汉语集合量词二语习得偏误类型主要有误代、遗漏、误加三种。从母语负迁移、目标语规则泛化、普遍认知、教材误导4个角度全方位考查并精准定位偏误生成的具体原因。结合偏误分析和汉语跟3种外语对比研究成果,基于汉语母语者BCC语料库,概括出汉语集合量词使用的一些具体规则,进而考查集合量词习得顺序,描绘“集合量词难度等级与习得阶段对应表”,提出“可分离性标准”以区别“双”“对”“副”,希望能切实促进汉语二语习得研究与国际中文教育。

Based on the composition corpus and test corpus,this study investigates the acquisition of Chinese set classifiers by foreign students.It is found that there are three types of errors in second language acquisition of Chinese set quantifiers:misrepresentation,omission and addition.From the perspectives of negative transfer of mother tongue,generalization of target language rules,universal cognition and misleading teaching materials,this paper comprehensively investigates and accurately locates the specific causes of errors.Based on the BCC corpus of Chinese native speakers,this paper summarizes some specific rules for the use of Chinese set classifiers.Then it investigates the acquisition order of set quantifiers and describes the“correspondence table between the difficulty level and acquisition stage of set quantifiers”.It puts forward the“separability standard”to distinguish“Shuang(双)”,“Dui(对)”and“Fu(副)”,hoping to effectively promote the research of Chinese second language acquisition and international Chinese education.