城市人力资本与企业创新

Urban Human Capital and Enterprise Innovation

企业自主创新能力是中国实现创新驱动发展战略的关键。本文利用2000—2013年中国地级市、人口普查、工业企业及企业专利数据,从“城市—企业”视角研究城市人力资本对企业创新的影响,揭示了城市人力资本溢出效应及竞争效应对企业创新的作用机制,并通过多种回归方法进行验证。结果表明:城市人力资本与企业创新呈正向关系,基于Heckman和2SLS结合的实证结果显示城市人力资本提升1%,企业创新能力提升约0.77%;不同规模、不同行政级别以及不同区域分布的城市,其人力资本会对不同行业和所有制企业的创新水平产生异质性影响;城市人力资本行业内溢出效应、行业间溢出效应以及竞争效应对企业创新都具有正向作用,其中行业内溢出效应影响效果更为显著。

The independent innovation capability of enterprises is the key to China’s innovation-driven development strategy.This paper analyzes the mechanism of urban human capital spillover effects and competition effects on corporate innovation,and validates them through multiple regression methods.The results show that:There is a positive relationship between urban human capital and enterprise innovation.The empirical conclusion based on the combination of Heckman and 2 SLS shows that urban human capital increases by 1%,and enterprise innovation capability increases by about 0.77%;The human capital of cities of different scales,different administrative levels and different regional distributions will have a heterogeneous impact on the innovation level of enterprises in different industries and ownerships;Intra-industry spillover effects,inter-industry spillover effects,and competition effects of urban human capital all have a positive effect on corporate innovation,among which intra-industry spillover effects have more significant effects.