塔河地区奥陶系鹰山组储层特征及其主控因素

Reservoir Characteristics and Controlling Factors of Lower-Middle Ordovician Yingshan Formation in Tahe Area

塔河地区奥陶系鹰山组碳酸盐岩是塔里木盆地重要的勘探开发目标,分析其储层特征和成因对深层油气勘探具有显著的指导意义.本文基于塔河地区岩心、岩屑、测井和地震等资料,分析了鹰山组碳酸盐岩储层的岩石类型、储集空间类型和储层类型等,对影响鹰山组储层发育的地质因素进行了系统总结,并依此总结了其储层发育的规律和模式.研究认为:鹰山组碳酸盐岩主要以亮晶颗粒灰岩、颗粒泥晶灰岩和泥晶灰岩为主;储集空间以粒间孔隙、晶间孔隙、溶蚀孔隙、裂缝和溶洞为主;储层类型多样,包括裂缝型储层、孔洞型储层、裂缝孔隙型储层和裂缝溶洞型储层等.鹰山组储层是古地形、沉积作用和成岩作用等共同作用的结果.其中:古地形是储层发育的背景,沉积期和表生期的古地形具有不同的作用;沉积作用是储层形成的基础,不同沉积相带岩石孔渗差异明显;成岩作用控制了储层的形成,最关键的成岩作用是溶蚀作用和破裂作用,多期多次多类溶蚀作用是储层形成的关键,破裂作用促进了储层的形成.

The Ordovician carbonate rock of Yingshan Formation in Tahe area is an important exploration and development target in Tarim basin,and the analysis on the reservoir characteristics is important for deep oil and gas exploration.Based on the core,thin section,logging and seismic data,in this paper the authors discuss the rock types,reservoir space types,physical properties,and reservoir types of Yingshan Formation,comprehensively analyze the main controlling factors affecting the development of Yingshan Formation carbonate reservoir,and summarize the development rules and models.The research shows that the carbonate rocks of Yingshan Formation are mainly bright crystal grain limestone,wackestone and micrite,and the reservoir space is composed mainly of inter-granular pores,inter-crystalline pores,fractures,dissolution pores,and karst caves.The reservoir types can be divided into four types,including fracture,cavity,fracture-porosity,and fracture-karst cavity.The reservoir of Yingshan Formation is the combined result of paleo-topography,sedimentary environment,diagenesis,etc.The paleo-topography is the background of reservoir development,and the paleo-topography of sedimentary period and supergene period has different functions.Sedimentary environment is the basis of reservoir development,and the rock porosity and permeability in different sedimentary facies are obviously different.Diagenesis controls the formation of reservoirs,among which the most critical ones are dissolution and fracturing:Multi-stage and multi-type dissolution is the key to the formation of reservoirs,and fracturing promotes the formation of reservoirs.