氮肥对淮北地区强筋小麦产量与品质的调控效应

Regulation of Nitrogen Application on Grain Yield and Quality of Strong-Gluten Wheat in Huaibei Region

为探明淮北麦区协同提高强筋小麦产量和品质的施氮量和基追比例,选用徐麦32、新麦45两个优质强筋小麦品种,研究施氮量和基追比例对其产量性状和加工品质的影响。结果表明,随施氮量增加和拔节肥比例增加,两个强筋小麦品种蛋白质含量,干、湿面筋含量和沉降值均显著增加。基追比例较施氮量对两个小麦品种粉质特性和揉混特性的调控效应更大;增加拔节肥施用比例显著提高了两个强筋小麦品种的吸水率和各揉混特性参数(峰值时间除外);在基肥∶拔节肥为5∶5的条件下,面团形成时间和稳定时间最高,弱化度最低。在施氮量225~270 kg·hm^(-2)、基肥∶拔节肥比例为5∶5时,两品种产量均可达到7500 kg·hm^(-2)以上,且营养品质和加工品质均可达到国家强筋小麦标准,是淮北地区强筋小麦兼顾产量、品质和生态的合理氮肥施用方式。

In order to illustrate the appropriate nitrogen amount and its ratio for synchronous improvement on grain yield and quality in Huaibei Region,Xumai 32 and Xinmai 45 were selected to explore the regulation effect of nitrogen rates and its ratio on grain yield and quality in this study.The results showed that:with the increase of nitrogen application and jointing fertilizer ratio,the protein content,dry and wet gluten content,and the sedimentation volume of the two strong-gluten varieties increased significantly.Compare with the amount of nitrogen application,the basal-to-topdressing ratio had a greater regulatory effect on mixograph and farinograph properties of the two wheat varieties.Increasing the application ratio of jointing fertilizer significantly improved the water absorption and mixograph parameters(except for peak time)of the two strong gluten wheat varieties.Under the treatment of basal fertilizer to topdressing=5∶5,the development time and stability time were highest,while the degree of softening value was lowest.When the nitrogen application rate was 225-270 kg·hm^(-2) and the ratio of basal fertilizer to jointing fertilizer was 5∶5,the yield of the two varieties reached more than 7500 kg·hm^(-2),and the nutritional quality and processing quality reached the national strong-gluten wheat standard.It is a reasonable nitrogen fertilizer application method for strong gluten wheat in Huaibei area,which takes yield,quality and ecological profits into account.