县域基本公共服务均等化的测度与结构解析

The Measurement and Structure Analysis of the Basic Public Service Equalization among County

本文构造县域评价指标体系和1466个县2015—2020年的面板数据集,从特定属性、城市群、历史贫困和农牧产业区4种县级类型划分方式入手,运用引入加权α均值的组基尼系数测度与解析不同县域类型间基本公共服务均等化程度。测算结果发现:(1)根据契合补短板实际的α=-1时组基尼系数测算,特定属性类型县域间基本公共服务均等化程度最高,城市群类型县域间和历史贫困类型县域间次之,农牧产业区类型县域间最低;(2)农牧产业区类型县域间的弱项指标是小学教育投入、社会福利保障、生态绿化,短板区域是牧区半牧区、青藏高原区农业县,历史增长的主要驱动因素是社会福利保障,驱动地区是黄土高原区农业县;(3)城市群类型县域间的弱项指标是社会福利保障,历史贫困类型县域则表现为生态绿化和基础设施。上述结论对今后从县域短板入手推进基本公共服务均等化从而促进共同富裕具有重要的政策启发意义。

In this paper,the county evaluation index system is firstly constructed,and the data of 1466 counties from 2015 to 2020 are collected to form the county panel data set.Then,four types of county classification methods including specific attributes,urban agglomeration,historical poverty and agricultural and animal husbandry industrial area are analyzed.The GGini coefficient with weighted-α-mean and its decomposition method were used to measure the equalization degree of basic public services among different county types.The measurement results show that:1)When parameterαis-1,the GGini coefficient meets the need of equalization measure because it fits the actual deficiency of basic public services in China.The degree of equality of basic public services among counties of specific attribute types is the highest,followed by the degree of equality among counties of urban agglomeration type and historical poverty type,and the degree of equality among counties of agricultural and animal husbandry industrial area is generally low.2)The weak indicators among counties of agricultural and pastoral industrial areas are mainly primary education input,social welfare security,ecological greening,etc.The corresponding weak areas are pastoral and semi-pastoral areas and the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau agricultural counties.The main driving factor of historical rapid growth is social welfare security and the main driving region is the Loess Plateau agricultural counties.3)The inter-county weakness index of urban agglomeration type is mainly reflected in social welfare security,while the inter-county weakness index of historical poverty type is mainly reflected in ecological greening and infrastructure of county seat.The above conclusions have important policy implications for promoting the equalization of basic public services and promoting common prosperity from the county areas’shortcomings in the future.