丹阳市2019年17570名中小学生生长发育现状调查

Investigation on the growth and development of 17570 primary and secondary school students in Danyang City in 2019

目的了解丹阳市中小学生生长发育现状,为防控青少年体格发育不良提供科学依据。方法采用分层随机整群抽样方法,抽取城区和乡镇各2所小学、2所初级中学和1所高级中学的学生进行体格检查,使用SPSS 19.0统计软件,分析学生体格发育情况。结果本次共调查17570名中小学生,其中小学生9718人、初中生4120人、高中生3732人。中小学生的身高和体重总体随年龄增长而增加,城区学生身高和体重中位数分别为155.0 cm和47.5 kg,乡镇学生身高和体重中位数分别为147.0 cm和41.0 kg,城乡学生身高和体重差异有统计学意义(Z_(身高)=-19.210,P<0.001;Z_(体重)=-18.312,P<0.001);本地户籍学生身高和体重中位数分别为157.0 cm和49.0 kg,外地户籍学生身高和体重中位数分别为146.0 cm和40.0 kg,本地户籍和外地户籍学生身高和体重差异有统计学意义(Z_(身高)=-25.810,P<0.001;Z_(体重)=-25.371,P<0.001)。身高发育等级城区学生与本地户籍学生均优于乡镇学生与外地户籍学生,初中学生则优于小学生和高中生。学生营养不良、超重和肥胖检出率分别为3.44%、18.71%和15.64%,城区学生、男生和本地学生营养不良检出率均分别低于乡镇学生、女生和外地学生,超重和肥胖检出率则相反;小学生营养不良检出率低于初高中学生,高中生超重、肥胖检出率低于小学生和初中生。结论丹阳市中小学生生长发育状况良好,但超重肥胖率呈上升趋势,应重视超重肥胖问题,开展科学防治。

Objective To understand the current situation of growth and development of primary and secondary school students in Danyang City, and to provide scientific basis for exploring preventive measures.Methods Stratified random cluster sampling method was used to select students from two primary schools, two junior high schools and one senior high school in urban and rural areas for physical examination.SPSS 19.0 statistical software was used for statistical analysis.Results A total of 17 570 primary and secondary school students were investigated, including 9 718 primary school students, 4 120 junior high school students and 3 732 senior high school students.Overall, the height and weight of primary and middle school students increased with age.The median height and weight of urban students were 155.0 cm and 47.5 kg, respectively.The median height and weight of township students were 147.0 cm and 41.0 kg, respectively.The differences in height and weight between urban and rural students were statistically significant(Z_(height)=-19.210,P<0.001;Z_(weight)=-18.312,P<0.001).The median height and weight of local students were 157.0 cm and 49.0 kg, respectively.The median height and weight of students with non-local household registration were 146.0 cm and 40.0 kg, respectively.There was significant difference in height and weight between students with local and non-local household registrations(Z_(height)=-25.810,P<0.001;Z_(weight)=-25.371,P<0.001).The height development grades of urban students and local students were better than township students and non-local household registration students, while junior high school students were better than primary school students and senior high school students.The detection rates of malnutrition, overweight and obesity were 3.44%,18.71% and 15.64%,respectively.The prevalence of malnutrition in urban students, male students and local students were lower than that in rural students, female students, and non-local household registration students, respectively.However, the prevalence of overweight and obesity in in rural students, female students and non-local household registration students were lower than that in urban students, male students, and local students.The detection rate of malnutrition in primary school students was lower than that in junior high school students and senior high school students.The detection rates of overweight and obesity in senior high school students were lower than that in primary school students and junior high school students.Conclusion The growth and development of primary and middle school students in Danyang City is good, but the rates of overweight and obesity are on the rise.Attention should be paid to the problem of overweight and obesity and scientific prevention and control measures should be carried out.